Disadvantages of Agglutination. This method is a basic armature control method. Type O plasma can only be given to type O recipients. Manage Settings Patients older than 65 will have low titer, and antibodies in the reverse grouping may be undetectable. Methods: Review of the literature using PubMed. Coombs test is repeated at 28, 30, and 38 weeks of gestation. Need for grouping, methods of grouping, Cross-matching. Lower the cover slowly, avoiding air bubbles. Slide test is quick and needs only simple equipment. Click here to review the details. For live specimens, the water will allow the user to view its movement or motility and observe cell division. See additional information. Red cells from the specimen are reacted with reagent antisera (anti-A and anti-B). if (window.removeEventListener) { Also, drying of the reaction mixture at the edges causes aggregation that may be mistaken for agglutination. donor-recipient compatibility is necessary. It has antigen-A and antigen-B and no antibodies. ABO antisera: See box 786.1 and Figure 786.1. When the mother is Rh-negative and the fetus Rh-positive, the mother may be sensitized at delivery due to feto-maternal blood mixing. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. img.wp-smiley, Blood transfusions between individuals with non-compatible blood . Advantages 1. Unlike other slide preparation methods, the slide preparation technique in karyotyping is a bit different. Former is easier to perform and the latter is more sensitive. Easy to perform. A fourth blood group AB was discovered by Landsteiner's associates,Von Decastello and Sturli in 1902. 2. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Advantages: -Portable. Thin blood smear is used to differentiate the diagnosis - which parasite 1. Slide method Clean the tip of a finger with spirit. He postulated that each individual inherits one ABO gene from each parent; these 2 genes decide which ABO antigens are present on the RBC membrane. Blood Grouping Techniques. The principle involves the differential passage of red cell agglutinates and free red blood cells through a dextran acrylamide gel. These are usually low (titer) at birth for the detection until the infants are 3 to 6 months old. Different blood groups and their significance, Blood group system ABO, Rh & other system, Two Case Reports of Rare Weak B Subgroup Detected During Routine Testing, Multi cystic dysplastic kidney (renal dysplasia), Congenital renal abnormalities in position, 4-Stretching for Impaired Mobility b.pptx, Unlocking the Secret to Optimal Oral Health, radiation emergines in nuclear medicine.pptx, Choose Treatment for Adenomyosis Instead of Just Removing the Uterus.pptx, REVIEW OF THERAPIES FOR PULMONARY EMBOLISM .pptx, Management of vertical malocclusions.pptx, LOCALIZATION OF INFARCT RELATED CORONARY ARTERIES.pptx, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. Dante The Opera Artists; Dante Virtual Opera; Divine Comedy; About IOT. The action of the H gene substance ultimately gives rise to ABO antigens. Increased motivation 6.More solutions, points of view and ideas 7. However, it is not recommended as a routine test in blood banks since weakly reactive antigens on cells on forward grouping and low titer anti-A and anti-B on reverse grouping may be missed. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Salisbury High School Baseball, Ust Faculty Of Ecclesiastical Studies, Capillary blood from finger prick, or venous blood collected in EDTA anticoagulant. Present Perfect Just, Already, Yet Exercises Worksheets, Mauris in gravida Aliquam varius fringilla imperdiet. (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(wfscr); The person who possessed the corresponding antigens was called Rh-positive. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. If serum and the cells are left for a long time will give rise to rouleux formation, which may be taken as agglutination. In the case of the Rh-negative mother, it should determine the fathers blood group. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Slides using the liquid mounting method must be stored horizontally and are difficult to make. Tap here to review the details. SUNIL KUMAR.P 2. m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) All the tests include details about the sampling, normal values, precautions, pathophysiology, and interpretation. However, it is not recommended as a routine test in blood banks since weakly reactive antigens on cells on forward grouping and low titer anti-A and anti-B on reverse grouping may be missed. wfscr.type = 'text/javascript'; 1st year postgraduate, Blood grouping is done in the expected mother and newborn to rule out Rh-incompatibility. A clean and dry glass slide is divided into two sections with a glass marking pencil. DETERMINATION OF BLOOD GROUP BY SLIDE METHOD 1 Principle. There are several methods with their advantages and disadvantages. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. They may have the antibodies from the mother. These are some of the chief dangers you may encounter as part of a group: It will probably take a lot of time to create, maintain, and repair the human relationships involved in a . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. If these tests are positive, the fetus is at risk and may develop hemolytic anemia (Erythroblastosis fetalis). The A and B genes control the specific enzymes synthesis responsible for adding single carbohydrate residue for groups A and B to basic antigenic glycoproteins or glycolipids with terminal sugar fucose on the RBCs known as H substance. In these cases, the ABO antigens are weak. Take 3 test tubes1, 2, 3 and put a drop of anti-A (blue), anti-B (yellow) and anti-AB serum (pink) to them. These antibodies were originally discovered in the early 1900s and are now known to consist of immunoglobulin IgM, IgG, and IgA classes. document.attachEvent('on' + evt, handler); The InTec Blood Grouping Test Kit is suitable for offsite usage because of its simplicity and user friendliness. Not all blood Disadvantage Cannot receive blood from any blood group except itself; Kavungya answered the question on September 30, 2019 at 11:30. Direct methods: wet blood films (=fresh blood preparation). It can be used in blood donation camps and in case of an emergency. Cell grouping: In this method cells and serum of unknown blood samples to be tested. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Clinically significant blood groups and their significance: https://labpedia.net/coombs-test-part-1-coombs-direct-direct-anti/, r rh, cde c, d, e, r rh, Cde C,d,e, r rh, cdE c,d,E, CdE C,d,E, R Rh0, cDe c,D,e, CDe C,D,e, cDE c, D, E, CDE C,D,E. It is logical to perform only forward grouping in newborn babies. Method 1. The A, B, and O antigens are present in most human body cells, including white blood cells and platelets. Here we take a look at some of the most common blood grouping techniques. Plasma, a fluid that consists of proteins and salts, carries all blood cells through your veins. These antibodies result from cross-reactivity and are initiated at birth upon exposure to foreign substances. Greetings! Yamamoto F. Review: ABO blood group system--ABH oligosaccharide antigens, anti-A Slide method Clean the tip of a finger with spirit. Patients may feel faint after any type of blood drawing. Can be used in emergency and blood camps for preliminary grouping. Agglutination reaction is the reaction in which soluble antibody interacts with particulate (insoluble) antigen in the presence of specific electrolytes at a particular temperature and pH, resulting in clumping of particles. The ABO group system is important during blood donation or blood transfusion as mismatching of blood group can lead to clumping of red blood cells with various disorders. The ABO genes do not code for the production of the ABO antigens. It can be used in blood donation camps and in case of an emergency. Answer (1 of 1): Advantages:You are an honest people and won't easily commitment to others . Grouping is at its very best when it bears directly toward a timely teaching goal, and for many teaching situations, group learning is more efficient. Here to separate every chromosome properly we need to drop the cell suspension from some height. a large clot that slides down the tube when it is inverted. ga('send', 'pageview'); Remove excess liquid. There are two different types of voltage control methods they are multiple voltage control method and ward Leonard control system methods or armature voltage control. The tube method is more accurate than the slide method. Capillary blood from finger prick, or venous blood collected in EDTA anticoagulant. Unwashed RBCs in case of multiple myeloma may give false-positive results because of rouleux formation. The O gene is amorphous and does not transform the H substance. His pupils, von Decastello and Sturle, discovered the fourth blood group in 1902, blood group AB. Anti-A is from blood group B, anti-B is from blood group A, and anti-A B is from blood group O individuals. How To Prepare a Wet Mount: SLIDE GROUPING ADVANTAGES: Preliminary typing tests Use during camps DISADVANTAGES: Not routine test Less sensitive Drying of reaction giving to Your antigen makeup is the key factor in determining your blood type. for only $16.05 $11/page. advantages and disadvantages of slide method blood grouping. If reagents are contaminated or expired, it will give a false-positive result. These antigens will produce antibodies in a person whose RBCs are taking these antigens. Slide method Clean the tip of a finger with spirit. Several blood grouping systems have been described in humans. Blod group ABO system antibodies are stimulated by the bacteria and the other substances in our surroundings. Prognostic Value of Serum Amyloid A Protein in Egyptian Infants with Hypoxic Histotechniques fixation-&_decalcification, Can Men with Chlamydia Lost Their Sex.pptx, radiation emergines in nuclear medicine.pptx, Choose Treatment for Adenomyosis Instead of Just Removing the Uterus.pptx, Pelvic floor anatomy and blood supply.pptx, 5-Peripheral Joint moblization and manipulation.pptx, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. 33 Votes) Disadvantages of Capillary Blood Collection. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Can be used in emergency and blood camps for preliminary grouping. 4 Method. The ABO system is the principal blood grouping system used for humans which categorises people into one of the following four groups A, B, AB, or O. Calcified nodules can develop at the site of collection, especially in infants. In addition to the answer by lukasz. Advantages - This type of slide preparation is quick and easy to make. In hospitals and blood group matching laboratories, there is a need to express the results of the donor or recipient blood groups. Among these, ABO blood grouping system is the most important system for screening, transfusion and transplantation practice today. } Creating A Positive Classroom Culture: Minute By Minute, Prepare a 2-5% cell suspension in saline from unknown blood sample. The first transfusion may not create a problem in such cases, but it will have a blood transfusion reaction in the subsequent transfusion. the disadvantages of: 1. thick blood film cannot identify the e.g. 2 Specimen. 2. Hematopoietic and marrow stem cell transplantation in cancer is a progressive development of medicine. Mauris eget euismod purus, in condimentum ante. prepared must be entered in the blood grouping register. EMT was better in detecting ABO-D mixed-field reaction than routine microplate method. A simple technique is to examine fresh blood between a coverslip and a slide with the microscope, using medium magnification (usually a dry objective of 40x or even less, and eyepieces of 510x). When Was Missguided Founded, 30) than in an equal area of a thin smear. Separated the serum and prepared the RBCs saline suspension. Test before hemo-transfusion, Plasma pharesis in neurological disorders, govt .science college ,tumkur,( govt.estab), Vai tr ca dung dch Albumin trong nhim khun huyt v sc nhim khun, Nucleic acid amplification technology (nat) test, Blood collection,typing,and transfusion in dogs. The first three digits Blood includes red blood cells that transport oxygen, white blood cells that combat infections, and platelets that aid in clotting when you're injured. Popular Brands In Russia, To resolve the discrepancy, several for (var i = 0; i < evts.length; i++) { Blood group A . Abo blood group system by Pandian M, Tutor, Dept of Physiology, DYPMCKOP. } else if (window.attachEvent) { Sample for Blood Groups ABO and Rh System, Indications for Blood Groups ABO and Rh System, Pathophysiology of Blood Groups ABO and Rh System. their sense of taste and smell is weak. The reaction that occurs then illustrates what blood type the patient is. There are two parts to this question, and so also there is more than one answer - the simplest answer deals with the therapeutic use of blood products and the risk of complications of pregnancy. Warmest regards Why Is Change In Healthcare Important, Tasks and workload are shared 3. 2 Specimen. A and B substances are secreted in addition to H substances by groups A and B individuals, while group AB secretes A, B, and H substances. Airtel Broadband 499 Plan Full Details, In the case of drying of the slide, it may mimic agglutination. Share on Facebook . ; ; "forward blood grouping principle""forward and reverse blood grouping slideshare""forward blood grouping tube method""advantages and disadvantages of slide m. GROUPING Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Miscellaneous Reverse Grouping Reactivity The most common causes for these discrepancies are: 1) Unexpected ABO isoagglutinins, as represented in Case History #3. Mountain Mike's Marysville, Disadvantage Cannot receive blood from any blood group except itself; Kavungya answered the question on September 30, 2019 at 11:30. slide and tube method of blood grouping. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. You are right. For cell grouping, patient's saline-washed red cells are mixed with known antiserum in a test tube; the mixture is incubated at room temperature, and centrifuged. Inheritance of ABO RBC genes and chemical structure of antigens A and B: Karl Landsteiner performed the forward grouping and reverse grouping: The presence of A, B, and H substances are found in the following fluids: Table showing antigen and antibody in the ABO system: Blood grouping tube method interpretations: Other possible causes of false-positive results are: Blood grouping. Not all tests can be run on capillary samples. Disadvantages: they tend to sweat a lot and gain weight. Newborns who have still not developed the antibodies. Later, it was found that an individual who does not have either A or B or both antigens possesses antibodies against these missing antigens and is called blood group O. 3. Posted by ; modelo del ciclo basado en el cliente; By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. For that pre-chilled, methanol treated slide is used so that once the cell suspension hits the slide, it is immediately fixed on the surface. This is elaborated in the following diagram. If Has A Million Fans Original, Put a cover slip over the sample, careful not to trap air bubbles. Capillary blood collection can sometimes rupture the blood cells, producing results that are inaccurate. If anti-A1 is present, the sample may be misdiagnosed as Blood group B. Sera from the sample thought group B should be tested with red blood cells A1 and A2 to differentiate with anti-A1 but no anti-A in their serum. Red cells from the specimen are reacted with reagent antisera (anti-A and anti-B). Advantages Disadvantages found in: Scrum Model Advantages Disadvantages Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Professional Shapes Cpb, Centralization Advantages Disadvantages Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Model Topics Cpb, Advantages.. . Subsurface Investigations Foundation Engineering Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Objective: To explore the advantages and disadvantages of robot-assisted laparoscopic adrenalectomy compared with retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy. If Has A Million Fans Original, This video will guide you on how to test your own blood group at home with the help of the fluids. Thanks for the comments. Genotypes and phenotypes of the baby: Rh-positive and Rh-negative group discussion: The Rh-positive fetus can sensitize the Rh-negative mother. the top slide is placed on the blood drop so that the ends of the two slides overlap slightly . window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"http:\/\/www.pilloriassociates.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=9dcd5792adec1070d28bc0b53637a430"}}; I am using references and these are in consolidated form. Fixation is a crucial step in preparing specimens for microscopic examination. document.removeEventListener(evt, handler, false); Factors C, D, E, and e are all antigenic proteins. 2. The blood can be taken from a vein where it is called venous blood collection or arteries where it is called arterial blood collection. Its discovery goes back to 1900, when Karl Landsteiner was trying to solve the mystery that some blood transfusions are The fastest screening for Malaria is QBC method. Waggoner Road Junior High Student Portal, Plasma type compatibility: O type blood group has A and B antibodies making it compatible to receive plasma from O, A, B and AB. The human blood consists of the components, Red blood cells, White blood cells, Plasma and Platelets. Red cells from the specimen are reacted with reagent antisera (anti-A and anti-B). Overview. The SlideShare family just got bigger. The present study aims to compare the results of manual and automated techniques for blood grouping and crossmatching so as to validate the automated system effectively. If there are contaminating antibodies with specificity other than indicated in the literature. Easy to perform . Answer (1 of 1): Advantages:You are an honest people and won't easily commitment to others . 29 April 2015 Blood grouping accuracy is vital in the treatment of many bleeding disorders, in surgery or because of major blood loss, but there are actually a few techniques used to provide blood grouping in different circumstances. Copyright 2012-2021 BIOSCIENCE PK, LLC. The peak level is 5 to 10 years of age and then starts declining progressively with the advancing age. 75% of the individuals secrete substances in their saliva with the same specificity as the ABO antigens on the RBCs. BIOSCIENCE. does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. In the 80% of the population who possess the secretor gene, these antigens are also soluble in the secretions and body fluids like plasma, saliva, sweat, and semen. These antibodies agglutinated RBCs of around 85% of human donors. Rh factor . True Wahib and % degree of parasitaemia should not be estimated / counted on buffycoat sample either. Later on, if given Rh-positive blood, in that case, the mother will develop a blood transfusion reaction. Presentations can distract the audience Poorly created presentations or presentations that are too busy or have too many bells and whistles can distract the audience. Only fertility is difficult when inhomogeneous RH factor are possessed by mother and father. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Using the edge of the second slide, slowly smear the sample creating a thin, even coating. The other hand uses a capillary pipette to transfer a small drop of concentrated bone marrow on to the center of the coverslip. However, further improvement in adding the internal quality control may increase the test sensitivity and validity of the test results. Please email me the references. width: 1em !important; There is blood group specif substances in high concentration in certain conditions, as seen in the ovarian cyst, which may neutralize the anti-A and anti-B when unwashed RBCs are used. However, it is not recommended as a routine test in blood banks since weakly reactive antigens on cells on forward grouping and low titer anti-A and anti-B on reverse grouping may be missed. Inaccurate identification of the sample or the reagents will give false positive or negative results. The Rh system consists of two allelic genes: Basically, there are 6 antigens and 6 corresponding antibodies: The anti-d antibody does not exist, so the existence of the antigen-d is also disputed. If this is done by mistake, 80% chance are developing anti-D antibodies in the transfused person. We will write a custom Essay on Blood Donation Advantages and Disadvantages specifically for you. " /> Advantages: It can be performed when venous blood cannot be obtained Disadvantages : Method is insensitive Method is unreliable Normal clotting time is 1 - 5 minutes. The presence of the A, B, and H antigens in the saliva and body fluids are called secretors. Can be used in emergency and blood camps for preliminary grouping. Girl Scout Login For Leaders, Methods. 3. 24 Jun . In comparison to the slide test, the tube test is more sensitive and reliable; therefore, it can be used conveniently for blood transfusion. 4.2/5 (639 Views . Common side effects may include: Rectal administered ozone may very rarely give mild discomfort, a feeling of passing gas, gurgling, or mild cramps. polyalphabetic cipher advantages and disadvantages polyalphabetic cipher advantages and disadvantages Oil Immersion Microscopy is an essential tool in examining specimens under a compound microscope. Drugs like dextran and contrast media may cause cellular aggregation and looks like agglutination. Advantages 1. Blood Grouping Techniques. can you give more explanation about anti-human globulin, Please see this link: In addition, since thick blood smears are not fixed, they enable parasite views outside the host cells and thus concentrated to increase chances of As ukasz Frckowski explains, the thick smear is used to make the diagnosis of malaria as it is a concentration technique. Thanks for the contact. Advantages Microscopy is an established, relatively simple technique that is familiar to most laboratorians. they don't like sitting down to eat - they prefer to walk around holding a plate. 1-888-799-7710 In 1939, Levine and Stetson found an unusual agglutin in the mothers serum of a stillborn fetus to agglutinate 80% of random ABO compatible donors. 3. There are three allelic genes = A, B, and O. The ABO system inheritance was suggested in 1908 and proved in 1910. advantages and disadvantages of slide method blood groupingasbury park press classifieds. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Learn More. Hi prof. Riaz, thank you for this wonderful piece of knowledge, i will like to have a copy of this through email if possible. window.wfLogHumanRan = true; Beside that, thin smears more clearly in pictures than thick and can differentiated between different stages of parasite or species of parasites. If you do over centrifugation, it will give a false-positive result. Aesthetic Portfolio Template, The expression of genes A and B are dependent upon gene H. In 1930, Thompson postulated 4 allelic genes: The 4 alleles give rise to 6 phenotypes and 10 genotypes. Puncture it with needle or lancet. 3 Reagents. These methods are particularly useful for determination of the blood group of a fetus at risk from haemolytic disease or neonatal anemia (see Chapter 12). Land Steiner described blood groups A, B, and O. Blood Types, Transfusion & Organ Transplantation. If you miss the hemolysis, a positive result will change into negative results. (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), Follow the instructions given in the following diagram, and the interpretation is shown in the table. 6 Jun. Agglutination of red cells indicates presence of corresponding antigen (agglutinogen) on red cells. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. Blood groups A2B and A3B may react weakly with reagents anti-sera anti-A. Terms of Service | Privacy Policy. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. The individual whose RBCs lakes D antigen (Rh. 2012. High degree of analytic sensitivity. If you keep it for a long time serum and the RBCs, you may see false agglutination, which basically is rouleux formation because of the high protein medium. If From India Kindly send your contact no. The mixtures of abilities, skills, backgrounds, traits and interests of an ordinary class is a greater challenge to the teacher with a mixed class. ; ; ; Close. In addition, since thick blood smears are not fixed, they enable parasite views outside the host cells and thus concentrated to increase chances of. Require less time. For serum grouping, patients serum is mixed with reagent red cells of known group (available commercially or prepared in the ABO blood grouping (tile method) - reverse grouping. One of the disadvantages of blood group O positive is that people with this type are at a higher risk for developing bone and joint problems. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Labpedia.net is non-profit health information resource. The mothers sensitization can be prevented by giving. Establishing the blood group of an individual needs forward and reverse grouping. if some one is studying drug efficacy on plasmodium the thin smear is helpful Conventional blood matching methods, such as slide or tube tests, require at least 1030 min for one sample, which is not adequate while handling a large number of samples. 3 Reagents. Most of the Rh-negative persons are cde/cde; this genotype is truly an Rh-negative individual. Their susceptibility to false-negative reactions caused by the prozone phenomenon. :Chrome\/26\.0\.1410\.63 Safari\/537\.31|WordfenceTestMonBot)/.test(navigator.userAgent)){ return; } 4. they don't like sitting down to eat - they prefer to walk around holding a plate. }; Beside that, thin smears more clearly in pictures than thick and can differentiated between different stages of parasite or species of parasites. This Rh system is assigned to chromosome number 1. Waggoner Road Junior High Student Portal, Ust Faculty Of Ecclesiastical Studies, It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. [Medline] . Aliquam erat volutpat. BIOSCIENCE. is a nonprofit organization and proceeds from Web advertising and membership fee help support our mission. how do i choose my seat on alaska airlines? Pathological fluids like pleural, peritoneal, pericardial fluids, and ovarian cysts. Each individual inherited two genes, one from each parent. The test is performed in the following steps: Arrange 4 sets of clean dry Khan Tube each set with 8 tubes labeled as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Hello Mohamed. On a 3-month follow-up, 216 of 11,022 tests (1.96%) were not interpreted by the system, 75 percent of them being due to weak or mixed-field reactions. False-positive result in the tube method is: Great content!! Blood sampling or blood collection method is an essential procedure in modern medicine. Thanks for the comment. par . Please click here to view them. DETERMINATION OF BLOOD GROUP BY SLIDE METHOD 1 Principle. Blood groups A blood group system contains antigens controlled by a single gene. However, they do not permit an optimal review of parasite morphology. Pathology. Indeed! Patients may feel faint after any type of blood drawing. It is the most important blood group system for transfusion practice. advantages of array-format stainers is that slides can easily be removed as staining procedures are completed, and, in the case of some models, may even allow the operator to add new slides to a run in progress, a feature that is commonly referred to as continuous access. Many laboratories of developing countries perform the tube test only in case the result of the slide test is For cell grouping, patients saline-washed red cells are mixed with known antiserum in a test tube; the mixture is incubated at room temperature, and centrifuged. muscle contractions. if some one is studying drug efficacy on plasmodium the thin smear is helpful Place 1 drop of anti-A, 1 drop of anti-B, 1 drop of anti-AB,A cell, B cell, O cell and Anti-D reagent separately on a tile.