Ambassador to Iceland Carol Van Voorst and special envoy for Icelands Minister of Foreign Affairs, Thorsteinn Ingolfsson. Organization. It aims to boost the US Air Forces, Nato member state forces and European allies responsiveness and readiness. In July 1985, F-15Cs and F-15Ds replaced the aging F-4s, and the tail code "IS" was assigned to Air Forces Iceland (AFI). The projects, supporting the European Deterrence Initiative, or EDI, implemented by the U.S. European Command, intends to increase the responsiveness and readiness of U.S. Air Forces, NATO member-state forces and allies in Europe., Air University and Maxwell AFB News article display template There are 23 tenant commands onboard the air station so it was not just a NASKEF effort. The Detachment 4 of the US Air Force (USAF) Installation and Mission Support Center has awarded three contracts with a total value of $38m to upgrade the airfield infrastructure at Naval Air Station Keflavik in Iceland. The base was regularly visited by the American military and other NATO allies for military exercises, NATO Air Policing, and other tasks. It was named after a young pilot who died in Iceland. %PDF-1.7 <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> For the civil airport use of this facility, see, The flag of Iceland being raised and the flag of the US being lowered as the US hands over the Naval Air Station to the Government of Iceland, Military Air Transport Service era (19511961), Deactivation and post-military use (20062015), . 4 to deliver mission-ready infrastructure. In September 1954, Naval Facility Ramey was commissioned in Puerto Rico. Also Air Force component of NATO Iceland Defense Force. An alert to Atlantic Fleet, Strategic Air Command (SAC) and the Pentagon came from "underwater listening devices at several secret Navy installations" that two Yankee class nuclear-armed submarines had left their usual patrol areas 1,200 miles out in the Atlantic and were getting dangerously close. Systems terminating at Naval Facility Cape Hatteras and Naval Facility Antigua and two Evaluation Centers, forerunners of NOPFs, were established in New York and Norfolk during 1956. One block from the Hotel Berg, 6 minutes from the Keflavik Airport. USNSZeus(T-ARC-7), the one new cable ship of the requested two, enters the "Caesar fleet" for operations. Augmenting these local improvements was the increased central processing in centers that eventually became the Naval Oceanographic Processing Facilities. "[8], Related research, based at Columbia University's Hudson Laboratory, was designated Project Michael. Join Your Unit Today. Have you had an experience related to the contents of this article? Proudly made in Reykjavk City. Name changed in June 2019 to, Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom (GIUK) gap, Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Shelburne, Nova Scotia, Golf II-class ballistic missile submarine, Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Acoustic Research Kaneohe Alaska (PARKA) II, "How the ocean grew 'ears' to pinpoint missile shots", Naval Information Warfare Systems Command, Integrated Undersea Surveillance System insignia, "SOSUS The "Secret Weapon" of Undersea Surveillance", "Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS) History 1950 - 2010", Report on Security of Overseas Transport. Join our weekly hand curated newsletter to have all the latest news from Iceland sent to you. ADC, later renamed Aerospace Defense Command used the facility for air surveillance of Iceland and the North Atlantic, employing F-102 Delta Dagger and then F-4C Phantom II fighters as interceptors. The northernmost system off Vancouver Island was to terminate in Canada but a change in government there precluded a facility in Canada at the time. [3], Artemis was an experiment with a large active source. Naval Hospital Keflavik and the Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) shore terminal at Naval Facility (NAVFAC) Keflavik. More. CRm0]T[eNdMF}165}1~tRweTU9JwNP*r%9s7TiBPddB|Xq0L`uN9L'84QRAEP)S=`(0a%&L&HWhbx:A3SJmYD!%t* GD/\&a{VKO}*~m=?sH1-W|$2be':B@ukQ}Pv=rFU{]fz6azpw0g"[\c29'5m3Hl/rK` '~~$G? pJWz\dS//T,HL% e Be%n`rny]&}225V;$VEzjW 7? It served to ferry personnel, equipment, and supplies to Europe. [12], In September 2015, news media reported U.S. government officials expressed a desire to reopen aspects of the NATO base of Keflavik Naval Air Station, to cope with increasing Russian military activity around Iceland. % The projects, supporting the European Deterrence Initiative (EDI) implemented by the U.S. European Command, intends to increase the . As the new mobile systems came on line, SOSUS arrays themselves were deactivated and some turned over for scientific research. Though reluctant to sanction the stationing of foreign troops in significant numbers on their soil, Icelandic officials decided in light of the fact they had no standing army to speak of, that membership in NATO alone was not a sufficient defense; and at the request of NATO, Iceland entered into a defense agreement with the United States directly[citation needed]. On the submarine force side, there was a recurrent idea that SOSUS/IUSS could not detect U.S. submarines despite early SOSUS tracking USS George Washington across the Atlantic in its early days. If you worked at or supported the Naval Facility on NAS Keflavik, you are more than welcome to join. The new Advanced Deployable System enters as a part of IUSS and NAVFAC Brawdy, Wales closes with equipment and operation transferred to Joint Maritime Facility St Mawgan during 1995. The linear arrays with hydrophones placed on slopes within the sound channel enabled beamforming processing at the shore facilities to form azimuthal beams. 5. Hartwell who was the Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Undersea Warfare,[note 2] under Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) leadership. NAVAL AIR STATION KEFLAVIK, Iceland - The Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center's Detachment 4 successfully led the award of three contracts recently, totaling $38 million to improve airfield infrastructure at Naval Air Station Keflavik, Iceland.. [3], Project Caesar, from initial bathymetric and acoustical surveys through cable installation and turnover to operations, was managed by Bureau of Ships (BuShips) from 1951 until 1964. There were more than 25 different commands of various sizes and personnel from the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in Iceland. Those were examined by the personnel trained to identify submarine signatures. [3], The base was built during World War II by the United States Army as part of its mission to maintain the defense of Iceland and secure northern Atlantic air routes. Bragi's personal project became an exhibition, Iceland Defense Force, that's been widely displayed in Iceland and is now on show in Umbrella Gallery in New York City (317 E 9th St Ste 2, New York, 10003, umbrellaarts.com). navfac keflavik, iceland. Have one to sell? To sustain this, the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps created small, specialized teams that move mountains to . Since May 2008 Keflavik has periodically hosted NATO fighter, AWACS and support aircraft participating in Icelandic Air Policing deployments. It was a ghost town caught in the gap between its old role as a naval base and unwritten future. Region: Reykjanes. Please send me. And we were successful and the NASKEF team had a great deal to do with that, Preston said. This museum is known as the Duus Museum. NAVFAC Keflavik was commissioned 1 March 1966 with nine officers and sixty-nine enlisted personnel, eventually reaching 15 officers and 163 enlisted. That bureau did not do the same for officers thus forcing those with experience to either leave for new duties or leave the Navy. The core fleet appears to be those listed below. U.S. 2nd Fleet (C2F) has temporarily established an expeditionary Maritime Operations Center (MOC) in Keflavik, Iceland, to provide the U.S. [4], After being granted self-governance by Denmark in 1918 with the signing of the 25-year Danish-Icelandic Act of Union, Iceland followed a policy of strict neutrality in international affairs. LT Ernest CASTILLO, III, USN was the first CO May * NAVFAC Lewes, Del was back-fitted with DSA vernier and super-vernier equipment Sep * NAVFAC Keflavik, Iceland (Station AT-1) became operational Oct * NAVFAC Eleuthera, TWI (Station MIKE-SUGAR) became operational 1967 Jan * CAPT G COOK, USN assumed COSP Sep * NAVFAC Argentia, Newfoundland . During the height of the Cold War, this access situation created definitive operational security (OPSEC) concerns by U.S. and NATO officials due to potential espionage activities by Soviet operatives masquerading as Icelandic nationals. Mentions of governance decreased by 61% in the aerospace & defense industry in Q3 2022, Why government and industry must collaborate to accelerate multi-domain integration, How aerospace innovation is combatting satellite challenges, Trends in New Space and how to power your companys entry. It received long-range radar inputs from five radar sites: the four sites in Iceland plus a data-tie from the Trshavn AS radar in the Faroe Islands. In 1973 such contacts were again almost published, but were stopped only when information was identified by a visiting civilian expert who recognized the acoustic signatures as that of a U.S. submarine. Naval Air Station Keflavik (NASKEF) is a United States Navy station at Keflavk International Airport, Iceland, located on the Reykjanes peninsula on the south-west portion of the island. Equipment in the terminal buildings was installed by specially cleared Western Electric Company personnel. SOSUS shore terminal processing stations were designated with the vague, generic name of Naval Facility (NAVFAC). . [22][23], The first systems were limited by the commercial telephone cable technology for the application requiring a shore facility within about 150nmi (170mi; 280km) from the array and thus within that distance from the continental shelf locations suitable for the array. The 85th Group continued to support rotational deployments until it was inactivated during a ceremony on 28 June 2006, as a result of the USAF reduction in forces in Iceland. NAS Keflavik also features prominently in Icelandic author Arnaldur Indriason's 1999 mystery thriller Napleonsskjlin, published in English in 2011 as Operation Napoleon. 1 0 obj Even when they knew they often did not know of its actual performance or exact role. Donald, David, "Century Jets USAF Frontline Fighters of the Cold War". Find NAVFAC Keflavik, Iceland unit information, patches, operation history, veteran photos and more on TogetherWeServed.com. "[3], USNSImpeccable(T-AGOS-23) is commissioned as the first SURTASS/Low Frequency Active (LFA) surveillance ship in 2000. Experienced operators that could detect subtle differences and with practice could detect faint signatures of targets were vital to detection. Meanwhile, Project Jezebel and Project Michael focused on studying long range acoustics in the ocean. Header Menu Menu navfac keflavik, iceland. NAVFAC is headquartered at the Washington Navy Yard and is under the command of the Chief of Civil Engineers RADM Dean VanderLey [1]. I was stationed at an off-site location known as a NAVFAC, although I lived with my family on the air station. [3], More original NAVFACs closed during 1993 with NAVFACs Centerville Beach, California and Adak, Alaska closing with their acoustic data routed to NAVFAC Whidbey Island. Im in total awe of the people aboard NASKEF, said Capt. Photo/Bragi r Jsefsson. [36] By 1979 it was the most recently built ship of the five project ships that then included cable repair ships Albert J. Myer and Neptune due for modernization and the larger repair ship Aeolus that was uneconomical to repair and marginal as a cable ship. NAVFAC's were the terminal sites for . Commander, Navy Region Europe, Rear Adm. Noel Preston said the base played an important role in his regions military strategy. <>/Metadata 2877 0 R/ViewerPreferences 2878 0 R>> . The airfield complex, one of the largest in the world during the war, also required upgrading to accommodate modern aircraft. The system, using equipment termed Low Frequency Analyzer and Recorder and a process termed Low Frequency Analysis and Recording, both with the acronym LOFAR, was to be based on AT&T's sound spectrograph, developed for speech analysis and modified to analyze low-frequency underwater sounds. ", "Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS) History 1950 - 2010", "Naval Facility Keflavik March 1966 - December 1996", USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers1908 to present, Official Navy disestablishment press release, Guarding the United States and its Outposts, United States Army Center of Military History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naval_Air_Station_Keflavik&oldid=1133698383, Reykjavik Administrative Area, 6 August 1941, Keflavik Airport*, 25 October 1946 28 June 2006, European Theater of Operations, United States Army (ETOUSA), 10 June 1942, 386th Army Air Force Base Unit, 1 August 1944 18 February 1946, 1400th Air Base Group, 23 May 1951 1 July 1960, 53d Air Rescue Squadron, 14 November 1952 24 March 1960. [29] The satellite communications ship Kingsport joined the project in 1967 for acoustic and bathymetric work. On 1 October 1994, the 35th Wing was inactivated at Keflavik and reactivated that same day at Misawa Air Base in Misawa, Japan. Stalwart makes first SURTASS operational patrol and system name is changed from SOSUS to Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS). In 1954, the order was increased by three more Atlantic stations and an extension into the Pacific, with six stations on the West Coast and one in Hawaii. An alternative story is that it was named for a local bar popular with MIT faculty. . In 1970 COMOCEANSYSLANT and COMOCEANSYSPAC were designated as major commands by the Chief of Naval Operations. Blog Home Uncategorized navfac keflavik, iceland. Naval Security Group Activity Keflavik was decommissioned and shut down in 1994. Now the world has changed and we are facing a war on terrorism. The submarines did not withdraw so SAC dispersed the bombers to bases as far away as Texas. In 1949, Iceland voted to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) among protests about the US militarizing the country, and the base assumed the status of significant strategic importance in the Cold War. Also present were representatives from Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, and Denmark. All the direct support through contracts with Western Electric, Bell Labs and ship schedules was under this management. Visit Keflavik on your way to or from Reykjavik for a chance to discover the town's wide-range of shops, restaurants, a cinema, museums, and more! This was the beginning of the Iceland Defense Force. [22], Cable technology and signal processing improved and upgrades were made to the original installations. [1][8], The system was considered a strategic, not tactical, system at the time and part of continental defense. For those of us that braved the Icelandic Domain in the land of fire and ice. (B. Picture 1 of 18. In 1962 and 1973, US submarines conducting covert operations off of the Soviet submarine base at Petropavlovsk were detected by NAVFAC Adak. And the cooperation has been simply outstanding. sj. NATO BASE KEFLAVIK AIRPORT BASE HISTORY. The product of these displays was the LOFARgram which graphically represented acoustic energy and frequency against time. It was a shallow water, curved array with ten eight-element arrays installed on two cables with each cable having the capacity for the usual forty elements. [3], With the new, mobile systems Towed Array Sensor System (TASS) and the Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System (SURTASS) entering the system, the SOSUS name was changed in 1984 to Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS) to reflect the change from bottom fixed systems alone. The first US troops after WWII were stationed . $27.99 + $6.89 shipping. The Detachment 4 of the US Air Force (USAF) Installation and Mission Support Center has awarded three contracts with a total value of $38m to upgrade the airfield infrastructure at Naval Air Station Keflavik in Iceland. [1][21] By the 1980s improved communications technology allowed the array data once processed in individual Naval Facilities to be sent to central processing centers (Naval Ocean Processing Facility (NOPF)) for centralized processing of multiple fixed and mobile array information. Despite periods of realization both communities fell back into assumptions as a result of secrecy. That sonobuoy gave the aircraft cued by SOSUS access to the same low frequency and LOFAR capability as SOSUS. The signatures available were of surfaced submarines from other sources. [citation needed], 635713.4N 224223.5W / 63.953722N 22.706528W / 63.953722; -22.706528, The 1965 decision to deploy the Sound Surveillance System to the Norwegian Sea was followed by establishment of Naval Facility Keflavik in which output of the array at sea was processed and displayed by means of the Low Frequency Analyzer and Recorder (LOFAR). In April 1974 the ship was reported as already being funded by Naval Electronics Systems Command (NAVELEX), where the project program management resided, and no longer funded as an oceanographic ship. Search for your Apparel Store and shop . The American base staff had their own names for various places in Iceland, e.g., "Kef" for Keflavk and "Hurdygurdy" for Hverageri. In 1988, Stephen Joseph Ratkai, a Hungarian-Canadian recruited by Soviet Intelligence, was arrested, charged and convicted in St. John's, Newfoundland for attempting to obtain information on the SOSUS site at Naval Station Argentia. 4 0 obj Mark S. Laughton, presided over a ceremony effecting the disestablishment of the air station.[8][9]. PME-124 and PMW-180 were the program manager's office designations. United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) took over ACC responsibilities at Keflavik on 1 October 2002 as part of a larger restructuring of the unified commands. It involved everyone here and many higher headquarters elements to develop the plan and execute it.. A system wide modernization began in 1972. For those of us that braved the Icelandic Domain in the land of fire and ice. It was not a part of the SOSUS development. The first detection of a Soviet nuclear submarine had been by United States Naval Facility, Barbados on 6 July 1962 of a submarine off the coast of Norway as it entered the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom (GIUK) gap. Click to enlarge. Those were followed by remoting Hawaii's Barber's Point in 1985, the Pacific Northwest arrays at Pacific Beach and Coos Head in 1987, and Bermuda in the Atlantic in 1992. Rent a car. Get a vacation. In response, on 10 May 1940 the people of Reykjavk awoke to the sight of a British invasion force. MATS (later Military Airlift Command and Air Mobility Command) units remained at the airport until the withdrawal of United States military units from Iceland in 2006. Air Defense Command (ADC) established a temporary radar station at the airport, equipped with World War II-era AN/TPS-1 and AN/TPS-3A radars that operated until a permanent radar station could be constructed at nearby Rockville AS. In 1998 that command was placed under Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. Post Unit Messages. [37][38], Both undersea surveillance and the operation of U.S. submarines were tightly held secrets within the communities. The plane crews are only a small fraction of the thousands of US servicemen that used to by stationed at Keflavk. CLASSIC BULLSEYE. Beginning in 1984, the 932d Air Control Squadron established a Radar Operations Control Center at Keflavik which coordinated the 57th FIS interceptors to contacts passing through the GIUK gap. About this group. [1][3][18], From 219 January 1952 the British cable layer Alert installed the first full sized, 1,000ft (304.8m) long, forty transducer element operational array in 240 fathoms (1,440.0ft; 438.9m) off Eleuthera in the Bahamas. Reports on the withdrawal of U.S. forces in 2006: This page was last edited on 15 January 2023, at 02:51. Even then, others had doubts until 19631964 Norwegian data on submarines deploying or returning collected correlated signatures. [24] The SD-C cable was the basis for a fourth generation of sonar sets with installation of the Lightweight Undersea Components (LUSC) involving new shore equipment in 1984. There the contacts of multiple arrays were correlated with other intelligence sources in order to cue and provide the search area for air and surface antisubmarine assets to localize and prosecute. navfac keflavik, iceland old restaurants in lawrence, ma The Keflavk Naval Air Station played an important role during the Cold War, allowing the US to monitor Soviet activities in the North Atlantic. We have incorporated innovative design and construction techniques to build resilient facilities to ensure the longest lifespan at the overall lowest lifecycle cost.. NASKEF was closed on 8 September 2006, and its facilities were taken over by the Icelandic Defence Agency as their primary base until 1 January 2011, when the Agency was abolished and the base handed over to the Icelandic Coast Guard, which has since then operated the base. This site is not connected with any government agency. The primary mission of Naval Air Station Keflavik was to maintain and operate facilities and provide services and material to support operations of aviation activities and units of the operating forces of the Navy and other activities and units, as designated by the Chief of Naval Operations. US Naval Facility Keflavik, Iceland, the oldest operating site in the Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS), closed after 30 years of service on Dec. 30, 1996. . Under ADC until 1979 and under TAC until 1992. Point Sur acoustic data was routed to NAVFAC Centerville. [16] Naval Facility Keflavik was decommissioned on 13 December 1996.[17]. I spent two years in Keflavik mid-1977 to mid-1979. The airfield was extended by the Nello L. Teer Company[6] and two new aircraft hangars were constructed. <> Finally, with "undersea surveillance" so openly displayed, the mission is declassified in 1991 and the commands reflect that with replacement of the "oceanographic systems" with the accurate "under sea surveillance," the commands renamed as Commander, Undersea Surveillance Atlantic and Commander, Undersea Surveillance Pacific. SOSUS assignment qualified as important as sea duty on a Cold War front line. The initial array at Eleuthera got a fully functioning NAVFAC with an additional system for the Atlantic at Barbados and the first of the Pacific systems at San Nicolas Island came in 1957. The sixth array, requiring redesign of the cable and repeater system, was thus terminated at Naval Facility Pacific Beach, making it a dual array facility. NAS Keflavik employed approximately 900 Icelandic civilians who worked with military personnel, providing the services necessary to operate the base. History Facilities Related Programs. [note 5] Successful tests with a target submarine resulted in the order to install a total of nine arrays along the coast of the Western North Atlantic. The same year, the Pacific systems began to be installed and activated. Realization SOSUS could detect U.S. nuclear submarines led to the Navy's quieting program for those submarines and the assumption returned. . NAVFAC Keflavik, Iceland 22 Members You need to be a member of Navy Veterans to add comments! Alternate or dual-use partnerships exist with a number of agencies and institutions. If you worked at or supported the Naval Facility on NAS Keflavik, you are more than welcome to join. [citation needed]. Another agreement signed between the United States and Iceland in 1946 permitted continued use of the base by the United States. [10], The first women were assigned to NAVFAC Eleuthera when an officer and ten enlisted women were assigned in 1972. The government of Iceland protested the invasion but asked the populace to treat the occupying force as guests. submarine.[15][38][39]. [2] US forces would return to Keflavik starting from 2016. NAVAL AIR STATION NAS KEFLAVIK ICELAND HAT PATCH CAP US NAVY VETERAN PILOT CREW. Mountains. "[13] The cover extended to the names of the commands and training of personnel with overall commands designated Ocean Systems Atlantic and Ocean Systems Pacific, and terms such as Ocean Technician [OT] and Oceanographic Research Watch Officer given to Naval Facility personnel. [citation needed]. New signal processing capabilities allowed for innovations such as the split array in which a single line array was divided into segments, each separately processed, then electronically recombined to form narrower beams for better bearing and cross fixes between arrays. Reply to hi. [3][22], In 1984 the first SURTASS vessel, USNSStalwart(T-AGOS-1) arrives at Little Creek, Virginia. SOSUS history began in 1949 when the US Navy approached the Committee for Undersea Warfare, an academic advisory group formed in 1946 under the National Academy of Sciences, to research antisubmarine warfare. This, and later specialized, sonobuoys equipped with a small explosive charge could be used in an active mode to detect the echo off the target. Relive & share the memories of your service time with your brothers & sisters in arms today. Moreover, SOSUS data from March 1968 facilitated the discovery, and clandestine retrieval six years later, of parts of the Soviet Golf II-class ballistic missile submarine K-129, that foundered that month north of Hawaii. On 1 June 1992, Air Combat Command (ACC) assumed command and control of AFI and the 57 FIS. Keflavik is a small town on Reykjanes, a volcanic peninsula in South Iceland. dn. [3], Six Pacific coast systems had been planned but only five Naval Facilities were constructed. 2 0 obj In September 1972 a third generation coaxial cable, again based on commercial developments at Bell Labs and designated SD-C, was installed for the system terminating at Naval Facility Centerville Beach, California. Whether you're a current student, parent, player, fan or alumni, you'll find over 500 products to customize from, including Keflavik Naval Air Station T-Shirts, Sweatshirts, Hats, Jerseys and more. In June, USAF Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) replaced the 64-year-old runway at Little Rock Air Force Base (AFB), Arkansas, US. NAS PANAMA CANAL NAVAL STATION HAT PATCH CAP US NAVY VETERAN USS SAILOR GIFT WOW. NAVFAC KEFLAVIC ICELAND. Location In 1966 the first deployment of a 3 X 16 element array system was terminated at the facility. With all noncritical surplus equipment and supplies disposed of, all U.S. air activity ended at the airfield on 11 March 1947. [1] The system could provide cuing information on the presence of the submarines and an approximate location for air or surface antisubmarine warfare assets to localize the target. * Rotational TDY flights of aircraft from various squadrons of, mission to maintain the defense of Iceland, protests about the US militarizing the country, 67th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron, 932d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 667th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 934th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 960th Airborne Warning and Control Squadron, Low Frequency Analyzer and Recorder (LOFAR), Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom (GIUK) gap, Naval Radio Transmitter Facility Grindavik, The Defence Relationship of Iceland and the United States and the Closure of Keflavk base, "Security and Defence - Landhelgisgsla slands", "Waking up the Keflavik air base; US Navy returns after 10 years of absence", "US plans $200 million buildup of European air bases flanking Russia", "U.S. Government Debated Secret Nuclear Deployments in Iceland", "Iceland's Elves Are Enlisted in Anti-Nato Effort", "Naval Air Station Keflavik Disestablishes After 45 Years", "U.S. Military to Reopen Base in Iceland?