Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection. <>/ExtGState<>/Pattern<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> ACIP emphasized the importance of informing vaccination providers and the public about the benefits and the risks, including the risk for myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination, particularly for males aged 1229 years. Only about 1 out of 100 cases of heart inflammation linked with COVID-19 vaccines is life-threatening.5 An analysis of 627 cases of vaccine-linked myocarditis worldwide showed that 626 fully recovered and one fatality.7. National Library of Medicine "In general, the rate of myocarditis or myopericarditis was about threefold to fourfold higher for mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccination than that for BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccination," the. Potential cases of postvaccine myocarditis were identified based on reports . The ACIP recommendation for use of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines under an EUA is interim and will be updated as additional information becomes available. Most had other health conditions, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or obesity, that raised their risk for serious COVID-19 illness.4. The Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative is taking place at 80 centers across the country. Would you like email updates of new search results? Epidemiology of Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following mRNA Vaccination by Vaccine Product, Schedule, and Interdose Interval Among Adolescents and Adults in Ontario, Canada. Among all participants aged 16 to 24, myocarditis rates were 18.8 and 4.4 per 100,000 person-years for males and females, respectively. 2023 Feb 13;11(2):432. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020432. Acute clinical courses were generally mild; among 304 hospitalized patients with known clinical outcomes, 95% had been discharged at time of review, and none had died. Among recipients of either vaccine, there were only 13 reports or less of myocarditis beyond 10 days for any individual time from vaccination to symptom onset. ACIP also reviewed population-level considerations regarding vaccination. In addition, CDC has developed a voluntary smartphone-based online tool (v-safe) that uses text messaging and online surveys to provide near real-time health check-ins after receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine. For purposes of entry into the United States, vaccines accepted will include FDA approved or authorized and WHO Emergency Use Listing vaccines. Use of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine After Reports of Myocarditis Among Vaccine Recipients: Update from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices United States, June 2021. Saving Lives, Protecting People, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/myocarditis.html, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/clinical-considerations.html, https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/covid-19.html, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/work-groups-vast/index.html, https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000239?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed#d3e785, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/ensuringsafety/monitoring/cisa/index.html, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/janssen/risk-benefit-analysis.html, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#demographicsovertime, https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/COVIDNet/COVID19_3.html, https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/COVIDNet/COVID19_5.html, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/fully-vaccinated-people.html, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#demographics, https://www.fda.gov/media/144413/download, https://www.fda.gov/media/144637/download, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/pfizer/index.html, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/moderna/index.html, https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.03.019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.035, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.16420, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109718388430?via%3Dihub, https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/36/42/2921/2293375, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Presence of 1 new or worsening of the following clinical symptoms:*, dyspnea, shortness of breath, or pain with breathing. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Results: FLEG: The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) recommends COVID-19 vaccination for children as young as 6 months. Vaccinating adolescents against SARS-CoV-2 in England: a risk-benefit analysis. Some people may have minimal or no symptoms. Severe problems linked with myocarditis include chest pain, arrhythmias, trouble breathing, ankle or leg swelling, and fainting. Members of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices COVID-19 Vaccines Work Group: Edward Belongia, Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute; Dayna Bowen Matthew, George Washington University Law School; Oliver Brooks, National Medical Association; Jillian Doss-Walker, Indian Health Service; Marci Drees, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America; Jeffrey Duchin, Infectious Diseases Society of America; Kathy Kinlaw, Center for Ethics, Emory University; Doran Fink, Food and Drug Administration; Sandra Fryhofer, American Medical Association; Jason M. Goldman, American College of Physicians; Michael Hogue, American Pharmacists Association; Denise Jamieson, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Jeffery Kelman, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; David Kim, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Susan Lett, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists; Kendra McMillan, American Nurses Association; Kathleen Neuzil, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Sean OLeary, American Academy of Pediatrics; Christine Oshansky, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority; Stanley Perlman, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa; Marcus Plescia, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials; Chris Roberts, National Institutes of Health; William Schaffner, National Foundation for Infectious Diseases; Kenneth Schmader, American Geriatrics Society; Bryan Schumacher, Department of Defense; Rob Schechter, Association of Immunization Managers; Jonathan Temte, American Academy of Family Physicians; Peter Szilagyi, University of California, Los Angeles; Matthew Tunis, National Advisory Committee on Immunization Secretariat, Public Health Agency of Canada; Thomas Weiser, Indian Health Service; Matt Zahn, National Association of County and City Health Officials; Rachel Zhang, Food and Drug Administration. Information on v-safe is available at https://www.cdc.gov/vsafe. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help For more severe cases of myocarditis caused by a virus, such as SARS-CoV-2, people may need to stay in the hospital for a week or two often in the ICU. The Vaccine Safety Datalink: a model for monitoring immunization safety. Myocarditis was reported at a higher rate than expected among some people who received the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines, according to a July 2021 study. Moderna - 19 case of myocarditis and 19 cases of pericarditis out of 20 million doses given Five people died. Per million second doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine administered to males aged 1229 years, 11,000 COVID-19 cases, 560 hospitalizations, 138 ICU admissions, and six deaths due to COVID-19 could be prevented, compared with 3947 expected myocarditis cases after COVID-19 vaccination (Table 2). Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Higher levels of vaccination coverage can reduce community transmission, which can protect against development and circulation of emerging variants. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. There were 13.3 cases of myocarditis per 100,000 in people 12 to 29 years old who got Moderna's vaccine compared to 2.7 cases per 100,000 people in that age group that got the Pfizer vaccine. Lancet. The rates of myocarditis were highest after the second vaccination dose in adolescent males aged 12 to 15 years (70.7 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine), in adolescent males aged 16 to 17 years (105.9 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine), and in young men aged 18 to 24 years (52.4 and 56.3 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine and the mRNA-1273 vaccine, respectively). Follow-up is ongoing to identify and understand longer-term outcomes after myocarditis occurring after COVID-19 vaccination. A., Christakis, D. A., Cowell, L. G., Draper, C., Ghildayal, N., Harris, A. M., Kappelman, M. D., Ko, J. Y., Mayer, K. H., Nagavedu, K., Oster, M. E., Paranjape, A., Puro, J., Ritchey, M. D., Gundlapalli, A. V. (2022). CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Baggs J, Gee J, Lewis E, et al. The numbers of events per million persons aged 1229 years are the averages of numbers per million persons aged 1217 years, 1824 years, and 2529 years. Receipt of 2 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, compared with no vaccination. Case numbers have been rounded to the nearest hundred. Ranges calculated as 10% of crude VAERS reporting rates. Parents should speak with their childrens health care providers regarding the benefits and risks of vaccination against COVID-19. Those who have been diagnosed with myocarditis should consult with their cardiologist (heart doctor) about return to exercise or sports. ** The ACIP COVID-19 Vaccines Safety Technical (VaST) Work Group, comprising independent vaccine safety expert consultants, had also reviewed safety data on myocarditis after receipt of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines at its weekly meetings. Both Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines are mRNA vaccines encoding the stabilized prefusion spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Dr Edwards reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health; receiving personal fees from BioNet, IBM, X-4 Pharma, Seqirus, Roche, Pfizer, Merck, Moderna, and Sanofi; and receiving compensation for being the associate editor of Clinical Infectious Diseases. If you have any health problems after vaccination, report them to theVaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Patients can usually return to their normal daily activities after their symptoms improve. The y-axis range differs between panels A and B. Main outcomes and measures: Treatment is often given in a hospital. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the According to the CDC, as of June 23, 2021, more than 177 million people had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine in the U.S. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Most patients with myocarditis or pericarditis who received care responded well to medicine and rest and felt better quickly. Vaccine 2015;33:4398405. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The .gov means its official. Coronavirus-induced myocarditis: A meta-summary of cases. Since June 2020, ACIP has convened 15 public meetings to review data on COVID-19 epidemiology and use of COVID-19 vaccines. There might be a 2.5 times higher . Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. CDC also encourages reporting of any additional clinically significant adverse event, even if it is not clear whether a vaccination caused the event. Impact of COVID-19 on Cardiovascular Disease. endobj Myocarditis typically occurs more commonly in males than in females, and incidence is highest among infants, adolescents, and young adults (1,2). The vaccines are very effective against severe COVID-19 and protect your heart from the serious health consequences of the disease. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Feelings of having a fast-beating, fluttering, or pounding heart Myocarditis and pericarditis have rarely been reported. Dr Lopes reported receiving personal fees from Bayer, Boehringer Ingleheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline, Medtronic, Merck, Pfizer, Portola, and Sanofi and receiving grants from Bristol Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Medtronic, Pfizer, and Sanofi. ; MIS-C Incidence Authorship Group. Dr Soslow reported receiving personal fees from Esperare. The researchers found only 1 case per 71,400 vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech and 1 case per 23,800 vaccinated with Moderna. Yes. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Among males aged 30 years, 15,300 COVID-19 cases, 4,598 hospitalizations, 1,242 ICU admissions, and 700 deaths could be prevented, compared with three to four expected myocarditis cases after COVID-19 vaccination. Your chance of getting myocarditis after getting a COVID-19 vaccine is less than the chance of being struck by lightning during your lifetime. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, myocarditis/pericarditis rates are 12.6 cases per million doses of second-dose mRNA vaccine among individuals 12 to 39 years of age. Most of the suspected myocarditis cases in that study developed after the second dose and were among males between 12 and 39 years old. For Moderna's vaccine, rates of myocarditis or pericarditis overall were 23 cases per million first doses and 62.5 cases per million second doses. Data were used for the most recent week not subject to reporting delays prior to the ACIP meeting. Myocarditis is rare, but it occurs more often following SARS-CoV-2 infection than after receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine for people of all ages.10, We know that boys and men between the ages of 16 and 29 have a higher risk of COVID-19vaccine-related myocarditis. Researchers also looked at rates per million doses and the rate was 35.6 cases per million for Moderna and 12.6 per million for Pfizer-;an almost threefold increase after Moderna shots vs.. Abara WE, Gee J, Marquez P, Woo J, Myers TR, DeSantis A, Baumblatt JAG, Woo EJ, Thompson D, Nair N, Su JR, Shimabukuro TT, Shay DK. US researchers say teenagers are more likely to get vaccine-related myocarditis than end up in hospital with Covid Skip to main content Skip to navigation Print subscriptions Serious side effects are very uncommon. Myocarditis related to COVID-19 vaccines seems to be caused by the bodys immune response to vaccination. in July asked Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna to enroll more children in their clinical trials in order to detect less common side effects. Reporting rates (per 1 million doses administered) of myocarditis among females after Moderna COVID-19 vaccination, days 0-7 after vaccination (through Jan 13, 2022 6 Moderna (Females) Ages (years) Dose 1 Dose 2 18-24 0.5 5.5 25-29 0.3 5.8 30-39 0.6 0.6 40-49 0.8 1.6 50-64 0.8 0.4 65+ 0.1 0.5 85,729,766 [Preprint]. Most people (95%) who develop myocarditis after receiving a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine have only mild symptoms that go away within a few days.5 Vaccine-linked myocarditis is less likely to cause lingering heart problems than myocarditis due to COVID-19 illness. Learn how NIH has improved basic understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and sped up the development of COVID-19 vaccines, treatments, and testing. In a population-based cohort study of adolescents and adults in Denmark who received two doses of the same mRNA vaccine against COVID, the risk of myocarditis or myopericarditis within 28 days. N Engl J Med 2009;360:152638. Mary Chamberland, Thomas Clark, Amanda Cohn, Frank DeStefano, Ruth Gallego, Alice Guh, Theresa Harrington, Fiona P. Havers, Lauri Hicks, Amelia Jazwa, Tara Johnson, Brian Kit, Paige Marquez, Sarah Mbaeyi, Elaine Miller, Hannah Rosenblum, Monica Parise, Kadam Patel, Pragati Prasad, David Shay, Jamila Shields, Christopher A. Taylor, Joshua Wong, CDC COVID-19 Response Team; Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) Project; Vaccine Safety Datalink; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration; Voting members of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices: Kevin A. Ault, University of Kansas Medical Center; Lynn Bahta, Minnesota Department of Health; Henry Bernstein, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Cohen Childrens Medical Center; Beth Bell, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Wilbur Chen, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Sharon E. Frey, Saint Louis University Medical School; Camille Kotton, Harvard Medical School; Sarah Long, Drexel University College of Medicine; Katherine A. Poehling, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Pablo J. Snchez, The Research Institute at Nationwide Childrens Hospital. stream There were no cases. You may have seen the recent reports linking rare cases. Before Myocarditis reporting rates were 40.6 cases per million second doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines administered to males aged 1229 years and 2.4 per million second doses administered to males aged 30 years; reporting rates among females in these age groups were 4.2 and 1.0 per million second doses, respectively. Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis after the COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in the USA: a cohort study in claims databases. A., & American Heart Association Pediatric Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee of the Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young and Stroke Council (2021). The median interval from vaccination to symptom onset was 2 days (range=040 days); 92% of patients experienced onset of symptoms within 7 days of vaccination. The rates of myocarditis were highest after the second vaccination dose in adolescent males aged 12 to 15 years (70.7 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine), in adolescent males aged 16 to 17 years (105.9 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine), and in young men aged 18 to 24 years (52.4 and 56.3 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine *** The highest reporting rates were among males aged 1217 years and those aged 1824 years (62.8 and 50.5 reported myocarditis cases per million second doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine administered, respectively). At the time of this report, 323 of these 484 cases were determined to meet criteria in CDCs case definitions for myocarditis, pericarditis, or myopericarditis by provider interview or medical record review (Table 1). FOIA You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. The F.D.A. myocarditis and pericarditis and the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, made by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech, in some vaccine recipients. Reporting rates of myocarditis > background rates for males (12-49 years, depending upon dose and manufacturer) and females (after dose 2, 12-29 . For the BNT162b2 vaccine, there were 114246837 first vaccination doses and 95532396 second vaccination doses; and for the mRNA-1273 vaccine, there were 78158611 and 66163001, respectively. Most people (95%) who develop myocarditis after receiving a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine have only mild symptoms that go away within a few days. Data were used for the most recent week not subject to reporting delays prior to the ACIP meeting. Information regarding the risk for myocarditis with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines should be disseminated to providers to share with vaccine recipients. Within the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) (4), the national vaccine safety passive monitoring system, 1,226 reports of myocarditis after mRNA vaccination were received during December 29, 2020June 11, 2021. Its also possible that myocarditis linked with vaccination is less serious because of the younger average age and healthier status of people getting vaccinated. Shimabukuro TT, Nguyen M, Martin D, DeStefano F. Safety monitoring in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). *** Data collection for race/ethnicity of myocarditis cases is ongoing. The risk of myocarditis linked with COVID-19 illness is several times greater than the risk from vaccination, and it is often more serious.3,5,8 This is because the SARS-CoV-2 virus invades cells of the heart, plus the body generates an overactive immune response to the infection. 2023 Feb 5;11(2):362. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020362. Because these studies are in their early phases, the results are not ready yet. On July 6, 2021, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release. If you have concerns about COVID-19 vaccination, talk with your healthcare provider or your childs doctor, nurse, or clinic. It affects fewer than 20 people per 1,000,000 COVID-19 vaccinations.3,5,7 Only the mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) have been linked with myocarditis. Between 2001 and 2020, the Institute has funded 139 myocarditis studies at a cost of $43.6 million. Association Between Myocarditis and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients in a Large Registry. More information is available, Travel requirements to enter the United States are changing, starting November 8, 2021. The most common symptoms are chest pain, fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, and a rapid or irregular pulse. JAMA Netw Open. If you have any health problems after vaccination, report them toVAERS. The EUA has been modified to include information on myocarditis after receipt of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Chou, O., Zhou, J., Lee, T., Kot, T., Lee, S., Wai, A., Wong, W. T., Zhang, Q., Cheng, S. H., Liu, T., Vassiliou, V. S., Cheung, B., & Tse, G. (2022). 3 0 obj Patel, T., Kelleman, West, Z., M., Peter, A., Dove, M., Butto, A., & Oster, M. E. (2021). Myocarditis is very uncommon, but it has been on the rise since the pandemic began. Members of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices COVID-19 Vaccines Safety Technical Work Group: Robert Hopkins, National Vaccine Advisory Committee; Kathryn Edwards, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Lisa Jackson, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute; Jennifer Nelson: Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute; Laura Riley, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Patricia Whitley-Williams, National Medical Association; Tatiana Beresnev, National Institutes of Health; Karen Farizo, Food and Drug Administration; Hui Lee Wong, Food and Drug Administration; Judith Steinberg, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Matthew Clark, Indian Health Service; Mary Rubin, Health Resources & Services Administration; Fran Cunningham, Veterans Administration; Limone Collins, Department of Defense. 1CDC COVID-19 Response Team; 2Franny Strong Foundation, West Bloomfield, Michigan; 3Arkansas Department of Health; 4Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; 5Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; 6Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, Colorado. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. The EUA fact sheets should be provided before vaccination; in addition, CDC has developed patient and provider education materials about the possibility of myocarditis and symptoms of concern, to ensure prompt recognition and management of myocarditis. Myocarditis Cases After mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination in the US. The risk of getting myocarditis from a COVID-19 vaccine is less than 1%. SARS-CoV-2 can cause serious heart problems by infecting heart cells and by causing inflammation that injures the heart muscle. Health and Human Services. mRNA Vaccine Technology: A Promising Idea for Fighting HIV, Testing of mRNA HIV vaccines in humans is underway. In terms of. Block, J. P., Boehmer, T. K., Forrest, C. B., Carton, T. W., Lee, G. M., Ajani, U. Treatment data in VAERS are preliminary and incomplete; however, many patients have experienced resolution of symptoms with conservative treatment, such as receipt of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Cooper LT Jr. Myocarditis. of pages found at these sites. ACIP recommendations for all COVID-19 vaccines are available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/covid-19.html. PMC FLEG: Myocarditis is an uncommon complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. When reported, the cases have especially been in adolescents and young adult males within several days after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna). If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Myocarditis typically causes shortness of breath and chest pain. CDC has updated select ways to operate healthcare systems effectively in response to COVID-19 vaccination. Dr Schlaudecker reported receiving grants from Pfizer and receiving personal fees from Sanofi Pasteur. CDC continues to recommend that everyone ages 6 months and older get vaccinated for COVID-19. Vaccination with mRNA-1273 (Moderna) was associated with a significantly increased rate of myocarditis or myopericarditis, especially among individuals aged 12-39 years (adjusted hazard ratio 5.24 (95% confidence interval 2.47 to 11.12); absolute rate 5.7 (3.3 to 9.3) per 100 000 individuals aged 12-39 years within 28 days of vaccination) FLEG: The bottom line is this: The benefits of getting vaccinated markedly outweigh the very small risk of vaccine-related myocarditis. To receive email updates about COVID-19, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. Myocarditis reporting rates were 40.6 cases per million second doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines administered to males aged 1229 years and 2.4 per million second doses administered to males aged 30 years; reporting rates among females in these age groups were 4.2 and 1.0 per million second doses, respectively. Myocarditis has been linked with other vaccines, such as those that prevent influenza (flu), smallpox, and shingles.6. A non-peer-reviewed retrospective paper, released as a pre-print, analyzed the rate of post-vaccination cardiac myocarditis in children aged 12-15 and 16-17 years who had received mRNA COVID . 2022 Jun 1;5(6):e2218505. scientist on Monday, every million doses of the Pfizer vaccine administered to 16- and 17-year-old boys would be expected to cause 73 cases of the .
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