This article originally appeared on 08.13.21. They began making more declarative statementscomments and remarkscontradicting previous research suggesting that captive great apes were capable only of mimicry or of making requests. This is why Kanzi the bonobo is so important. By then Savage-Rumbaugh had despaired of collecting any publishable data on Matata, but she suspected shed have more luck with the infant. When Ape Initiative took over the care of Kanzi and his bonobo family, we made it a priority to improve the bonobos' welfare. Savage-Rumbaugh and her colleagues kept adding symbols to Kanzis keyboard and laminated sheets of paper. It was a windfall. Please note: Some of these plants may be toxic for your pets, so please do your research to ensure your furry friends stay safe. It was clear he was sorry, and he was trying to make up with me. They told me separately that when Kanzi appeared in the viewing area, he approached a keyboard and touched the key for Sue.. But for girls and women around the world, equality isnt yet their reality. After modeling the flaking behavior on a variety of occasions, the researchers set up each experiment by placing a food reward inside a box with a transparent lid which was held closed by a length of rope. In 2011, Time magazine named Savage-Rumbaugh one of the worlds 100 most influential people on the basis of her work with Kanzi and his family. Privacy Statement Mom sparks passionate debate after saying she would choose her own life over childs during birth, Fans had the best response after Emilia Clarke was mocked by gamer for sharing candid selfie, Someone figured out what that handle on car ceilings is for and people promptly freaked out, 15 tweets that only married people will understand. Even the Democratic Republic of Congo, which technically owned Matata according to the 2013 agreements, wrote on Savage-Rumbaughs behalf: If for any reason [Savage-Rumbaugh] continues to be banned from access, the DRC will need to assert its ownership interest and take charge of the bonobos, the countrys minister of scientific research wrote to the court. From an adjoining room, a staff member was engaging him in a match-to-sample task to demonstrate his vocabulary, speaking a word and waiting to see if he would touch the corresponding symbol on the computer screen. Take a stand for women and girls everywhere by posting their stories to social media using #EqualEverywhere and take the pledge at equaleverywhere.org. how to do the three-strand braid and the braided elastic coverup. Kanzi had his back to me. With 1 in 68 kids diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) today, there's no better way to learn about it than by interacting with someone who has it. Kanzi (born October 28, 1980), also known by the lexigram File:LexigramKanzi.jpg, is a male bonobo who has been featured in several studies on great ape language. Having sustained a concussion from the fall, Savage-Rumbaugh flew to New Jersey to discuss a succession plan with Duane Rumbaugh, with whom she remained close. Trichloroethylene Found in printing inks, paints, lacquers, varnishes, adhesives, and paint removers. By the early 2000s, Savage-Rumbaugh published images of geometric figures drawn in chalk by Panbanisha, each corresponding roughly to a lexigram. And a lot of the things that were done with Kanzi, in my opinion, were not appropriate. And then they grew up to know that I created that. Retrieved March 2, 2023 from www.sciencedaily.com . To many primatologists, the implication that the bonobos could contribute intellectually to an academic article strained credulity. NON-SCIENCE FACT: I'm looking forward to the day I can make my daughter's hair look this good while not getting a raging death stare from her. Of course, it turns out that the only person who lost their composure that day was him when he realized she was totally fine and able to handle things herself. But when evening fell, the apes were ushered into their quarters and locked in. (Let me note . Every feature of the facility was designed to encourage the apes agency: They could help prepare food in a specialized kitchen, press the buttons of a vending machine for snacks, and select DVDs to watch on a television. Sampling kale for the first time, he called it slow lettuce. When his mother once bit him in frustration, he looked mournfully at Savage-Rumbaugh and pressed, Matata bite. When Savage-Rumbaugh added symbols for the words good and bad to the keyboard, he seized on these abstract concepts, often pointing to bad before grabbing something from a caregivera kind of prank. It was a bonobo. He can initiate communication using the lexigrams. Stan Lee entertained us for most of his life and he stuck with us until he was 95. She started accusing us of things we wouldnt ever do, a former caretaker told me. According to primatologist Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, a lead scientist at the Great Ape Trust of Iowa, these apes cannot only . To better understand bonobo intelligence, I traveled to Des Moines, Iowa, to meet Kanzi, a 26-year-old male bonobo reputedly able to converse with humans. Its risky to them, its risky to the person doing it, and I cant think of a scientific value that would justify that risk., I glanced over his shoulder at the door separating the lobby from the corridor leading to the ape wing. Kanzi, still the alpha male of this group in his middle age, has the mien of an aging patriarchhes balding and paunchy with serious, deep-set eyes. It is the first report of an ape making . Her efforts kept the school open for several more years, helping more women and marginalized students change their lives. Back in 1989, Lady Tee spoke to the Board of Education as a young student to keep open Highland Park Community College, Michigans only Historical Black College at the time, where women made up a majority of the student body. In one experiment giving him 600 spoken instructions asking him to deal with familiar objects in various novel ways, Kanzi was correct 74% of the time, whereas a 2-year-old girl used in the study was only 65% accurate. Knowing that everyone has a unique story to share, Whitney Mwangi teaches girls and young women across Africa to express themselves through writing. It has to do with communication.. The plan never came together. She was attempting to manipulate her into a false belief that a colleague had done something wrong., In the early 2000s, Duane Rumbaugh got a call from a man named Ted Townsend, an Iowa meat processing magnate and wildlife enthusiast who had read about the bonobos and wanted to visit the Language Research Center. Andrea Wollitz: advocating for access to health care for all. Before Savage-Rumbaugh began her research, the bonobo, an endangered cousin of the chimpanzee, was little known outside the Congo River Basin. Now she takes every chance she can get to offer mentorship and encouragement so that women can live up to their full potential. kanzi the bonobo bites off fingers. You can watch the books blink, cry, laugh, and think. From the building, the staff could just make out her binoculars, the shock of white hair. He has a perfectly serviceable voice very clear, very expressive and very, very loud. Here are just a few of those #EqualEverywhere champions working to achieve equality for all girls and all women, wherever they are. Suddenly Kanzi charged into the testing room. And its kind of a need humans haveto feel like we are special. She went on, Science has challenged that. Passing beneath a tunnel of cottonwood trees listing in the wind, it rumbled past a life-size sculpture of an elephant before pulling up beside a new building. For three days, the only thing he wanted to do was to look for Matata, Savage-Rumbaugh recalled. Were special because we have this ability to speak, and we can create these imagined worlds. One afternoon my teacher, the novelist Benjamin Hale, called me into his office. In one such instance, the caretaker said Savage-Rumbaugh blamed her for cutting Kanzi across the chest after misinterpreting a conversation shed had with Kanzi using the lexigrams; in fact, hed evidently hurt himself on a fence the caretaker had faultily repaired. This is an animal welfare mission in my mind.. She hadnt seen the bonobos in five years. Stan Lee was often asked for advice. Some chimpanzees and bonobos (a distinct species of pygmy chimpanzee) have learned to use symbols intelligently, and some can even understand spoken English. We each have a futon." Dr. Sue says she stays with Teco day and night. Noticing this, Fields, who had been working in his office nearby, came over to ask him what was wrong. That Kanzi would say something to vindicate either Taglialatela or Savage-Rumbaugh? The shelves were overflowing. - Upworthy , Biden isn't banning gas stoves - Upworthy . In 1989, their results were published in a clean air study that provided a definitive list of the plants that are most effective at cleaning indoor air. He had visited several years earlier, while researching his novel The Evolution of Bruno Littlemore, about a chimpanzee who learns to speak. A couch in one corner faced an empty room encircled by laminated glass. Back in Georgia, the bonobos were growing more sophisticated. She wanted to study bonobos across generations, and Townsend was promising long-term support for her work. The training went nowhere. Extending a finger, he pressed the key for apple, then the key for chase. Then he looked at Savage-Rumbaugh, picked up an apple lying on the floor, and ran away from her with a grin on his face. Im not trying to denigrate them. "Kanzi says he knows you're not threatening them," Savage-Rumbaugh said to me," and he'd like you to do it again just for him, in a room out back, so the others won't get upset.. The yearlong campaign, which peaks on International Womens Day, elevates inspiring stories of gender equality champions from around the world in an online series and on UN Foundations digital platformsfrom those advocating for more health care access, to transgender rights, to better STEM opportunities, and many, many more. They focus on being together. UN Foundation aims to amplify the stories of those advocates with its fourth annual #EqualEverywhere campaign. (Photo courtesy of Ape Initiative) The world's most famous bonobo turned 40 today. 17-year-old Taiwanese American Isabel Liu is reimagining whats possible for the next generation of computer scientists. Bonobos Kanzi (C) and Panbanisha (R) with Sue Savage-Rumbaugh (L) and the outdoor symbols "keyboard" Panbanisha (November 17, 1985 - November 6, 2012), [1] [2] also known by the lexigram , was a female bonobo that featured in studies on great ape language by Professor Sue Savage-Rumbaugh. [9] In the matriarchal society of bonobos, a male's position is primarily determined by the position of the females he is related to. He wasnt above sharing a bit of New Age wisdom of his own: Despite creating some of the most iconic superhero characters ever, Lee was deeply humble about his own life: And he had a lot of perspective about his own mortality: This article originally appeared on 11.12.18. Cookie Settings, Kids Start Forgetting Early Childhood Around Age 7, Archaeologists Discover Wooden Spikes Described by Julius Caesar, Artificial Sweetener Tied to Risk of Heart Attack and Stroke, Study Finds, 5,000-Year-Old Tavern With Food Still Inside Discovered in Iraq, The Surprisingly Scientific Roots of Monkey Bars. And they just hang out. As I drove past it, down the tree-lined driveway, a faded elephants trunk poked out of the foliage. Why not put the media on hold and talk to an actual refugee? used the hatred of others to define his worldview: 25 people share the best life advice by their moms , One person has crowdsourced the very best life advice from over 20 million people online , 27-year-old who died of cancer left behind final advice that left the internet in tears , Man raises parrots from birth and they have the cutest bedtime routine. Instead of in conventional cages, the apes, who ranged in age from 4 to 35, lived in rooms, linked by elevated walkways and hydraulic doors they could open themselves. Chief Candy Officer wanted: Get paid $78,000 a year to eat candy , Tim Conway reveals joke that made Harvey Korman wet his pants , A dental hygienist wears cute costumes to work . Truth. She contacted officials in Congo, hoping to return the apes to a sanctuary not far from where Matata had been captured. After two years, researchers temporarily called Matata back to Yerkes for breeding. That was not supposed to be possible.. "For all practical purposes, I'm Teco's mother," Dr. Sue says. Often surrounded by men, Isabel introduces ideas that put female and genderqueer youth at the forefront of social change. Savage-Rumbaughs efforts to bring her case to state court hadnt come together and, discouraged, she had moved to Missouri to care for her dying mother. Then Kanzi gestured to Taglialatela, walked on two legs to the keyboard nailed to the wall of the greenhouse, and touched the symbol for chase. Taglialatela obliged, pantomiming to him through the glass. | READ MORE, 2023 Smithsonian Magazine Each visitor wants a practical demonstration of the apes language, Savage-Rumbaugh wrote in the book Kanzis Primal Language, authored with Fields and the Swedish bioethicist Pr Segerdahl, and therefore we often have to treat the apes, in their own home, as if they were trained circus performers. In the book Segerdahl recounts how, when he failed to heed a staff members request that he lower his voice in the presence of the apes, Panbanisha pressed the lexigram for quiet. That same day, Panbanishas young son Nathan poked his arm through a tube in the glass wall separating the visitors area from the apes quarters, and Segerdahl reached out and touched his hand. The Court is not in a position to decide what kind of relationship with humans is best for the bonobos or to advance the research on their human-like abilities.. He said that the quality of the care the apes receive has improved since he came on board. Only three of them were human. When he used "strawberry" it could mean a request to go to where the strawberries grow, a request to eat some, it could also have been as a name, and so on. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. It was a win-win situation and has been ever since," Ronni said on the Human Library's site. They would build it on a 230-acre property outside Des Moines, on the grounds of a former quarry. Savage-Rumbaugh appeared at the door in a denim button-down shirt and pink jeans, her socked feet tucked into slippers. It developed spontaneously as we tried to live together during the past two decades, she wrote of what she called a hybrid Pan/Homo culture shared by the apes and their human caretakers. Panbanisha made me realize that she was alive, as mysteriously alive as my own human aliveness.. By focusing on what the apes signed, she argued, researchers were neglecting what they were already saying through their gestures and vocalizations, a view that earned her the nickname the Unbeliever.. Heading to the dentist brings with a big smile. So, her , Interesting video explains why people looked a lot older in the past than they do today, 11 ridiculous future predictions from the 1900 world's fair and 3 , Why did people in old movies talk funny? Dad files $1 million lawsuit against school district after teacher cuts , Hair-braiding class specifically for dads is such a hit, it now has a , Little girl doesn't get invited by classmates to dye her hair. Kanzis aptitudes raised a tantalizing question: Had sustained exposure to human culture since infancy physically transformed his brain, or had it tapped into a capacity free-living bonobos were already exercising among themselves, unbeknownst to us? Kanzi had evidently absorbed what his mother had not. He testified that while he found Savage-Rumbaughs discoveries profound, he had come to view her experiment as unethical. As for a larger dispute over who owned several of the bonobos, including Kanzi, the court had no jurisdiction in the matter. ", Kanzi recognizing the symbols of the lexigram, "ACCI: Ape Cognition & Conservation Initiative", "Baby apes may be coming to Iowa, home to the country's only bonobo research center", "Bonobo Matata dies at Des Moines ape conservation", "Nave, unenculturated chimpanzees fail to make and use flaked stone tools", "Amazing photos of Kanzi the bonobo lighting a fire and cooking a meal", "The emergence of knapping and vocal expression embedded in a Pan/Homo culture", Speaking Bonobo article at the Smithsonianmag webpage, Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanzi&oldid=1139218151, Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Paul Raffaele, at Savage-Rumbaugh's request, performed a. Savage-Rumbaugh has observed Kanzi in communication to his sister. Theres no intellectual way to make it right.. states discriminating against transgender people using the bathroom, to ban an entire religion from entering the United States, countries still facing stigma around Ebola, 8-yr-old put his own homemade book into library circulation , People donate money to defunded library - Upworthy , Milwaukee Public Library goes viral on TikTok - Upworthy . Savage-Rumbaugh accepted the position and packed her bags for Atlanta. Kanzi the bonobo Here are several other interesting facts about bonobos: 1. Ever look at your parents' high school yearbooks and think people looked so much older back then? In the video, a clip from the final episode of which first appeared in a BBC documentary on primates, Kanzi the bonobo collects a pile of dry brush, lights it with a match, and roasts a few . So I was surprised when she replied to say that her 30-year experiment had ended. In addition, her marriage had ended. Unfortunately, she did not learn very quickly, although her young baby Kanzi took the knowledge up very readily. I asked Taglialatela if it was true that under his leadership the facility had transitioned away from Savage-Rumbaughs interactive approach to studying ape cognition. Kanzi's behavior and abilities have been the topic of research published in scientific journals, as well as reports in popular media. Great Ape Trust of Iowa. Instead, I started writing and painting to get my messages across. A world-famous bonobo chimp known for his skill at sign-language has taken one step closer to humanity - by learning to create tools. She even experienced it herself on more than one occasion. This article originally appeared on 07.11.22. We define humanness mostly by what other beings, typically apes, are not. (Pan referred to the ape genus comprised of bonobos and chimps, while Homo referred to the genus including modern Homo sapiens as well as extinct human species such as Neanderthals.) But the centers signature feature was the keyboard of pictorial symbols accessible on computerized touchscreens and packets placed in every room and even printed on researchers T-shirts. Wearing sneakers and cargo pants, he seemed friendly if a little nervous as he shook my hand, his brown eyes darting between mine. . The bonobos liked Taglialatela. But it isnt all just an illusion. Kanzi was born to Lorel and Bosandjo at Yerkes Field Station at Emory University in 1980. Mothers typically handle the vast majority of child care without pay, making it especially challenging if they or their children get sick. On one occasion, Savage-Rumbaugh observed Kanzis father carry his pail to the corner of his cage from which he could see the shrieking chimps. Outside was a planet dominated by a species that viewed them as curiositiesclose enough to human beings to act as our biological proxies in medical research, but not close enough to warrant meaningful rights. One spring day in 2005, a yellow school bus carrying six passengers turned onto a freshly paved driveway seven miles southeast of downtown Des Moines, Iowa. Meanwhile, the rainforests in the Congo River Basin that are home to most of the remaining 20,000 wild bonobos are being torched by palm oil companies to clear the ground for plantations. When you depart, please leave your access card and any keys with whomever is on duty right now, the chairman wrote to her. Nonetheless, it was noticed that every time Kanzi communicated with humans with specially-designed graphic symbols, he also produced some vocalization. I find him, all alone, standing behind protective bars. Kanzi is a bonobo at the Ape Initiative nonprofit research and conservation center in Des Moines. Taglialatela took the witness stand at a federal courthouse in Des Moines in May 2015. My cheeks burned. Last week, people . For Kanzi, too, we need this middle ground between him feeling at ease with those around him and being tested in the most objective way. It was in this unique environment, where Savage-Rumbaugh worked until 2013, that the foundations of her experiment began to shift. Savage-Rumbaugh says she believed Taglialatela would continue her research trajectory when he took up his post. Check out the section about Lucy right here. And while pursuing a degree in nursing, she became involved with Shot@Life to help more women get access to vaccinations. Learn more about it in the YouTube video below: This article originally appeared on 02.18.16. Were people unhealthy? Not ever,"says Geoffrey Pullum, a linguist at the University of California at Santa Cruz. One afternoon last summer, I drove to Savage-Rumbaughs cabin in Missouria one-story structure perched on the edge of a lake and shaded by hickory trees. I glanced at a roll of heavy-duty paper tilted against Savage-Rumbaughs desk: a copy of the lexigrams. A sex worker. Savage-Rumbaugh denied the allegations. Kanzi (born October 28, 1980), also known by the lexigram (from the character ), is a male bonobo who has been the subject of several studies on great ape language. Bonobos have an impressive vocabulary, especially when it comes to snacks. Matatas absence consumed Kanzi. Lady Tee Thompson: creating opportunities for women to grow. It has nothing to do with language, and nothing to do with words, he said, when asked to comment on Savage-Rumbaughs work. "Teco sleeps right with me. Derek Wildman, a professor of molecular physiology at the University of Illinois who had mapped Kanzis genome, returned to find what he later described in court as a ghost town. From his perspective, the new leadership team was more interested in standard psychological experiments than in the interactive, cultural and familial approach pioneered by Savage-Rumbaugh. Break through those boundaries to get a fuller picture. pump cover bodybuilding. As a Teen Advisor for Girl Up and a Community Ambassador for the free coding camp Kode with Klossy, Isabel became moved by the glaring gender disparity in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). I asked him on the keyboard if he was sorry, and he told me yes.. According to Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, a primatologist who has studied the bonobo throughout her life, Kanzi has exhibited advanced linguistic aptitude.[1][2][3]. Unlike humans and chimpanzees, bonobos have never been known to kill one of their own species. Inside was a small ledge positioned beneath a blank touchscreen I recognized from a segment on The Oprah Winfrey Show. In that footage, Kanzi sits on the ledge beside Savage-Rumbaugh, pressing lexigram symbols on the screen to communicate. [16] The authors suggest that the discrepancies in findings are due to the differences in rearing backgrounds of the subjects. Continuing Investigations into the Stone Tool-making and Tool-using Capabilities of a Bonobo (Pan paniscus). The bonobos grew impatient with the tests. During that time, a New York court denied a case to extend legal personhood to great apes filed in part on the strength of an affidavit written by Savage-Rumbaugh on bonobos capacities. Townsend tossed him a bottle, at which point Kanzi touched the symbol for thank you., My world changed, Townsend told the Des Moines Register in 2011. The world's most famous bonobo turned 40 on Wednesday. The ill-fated facility, founded in 2004 by local businessman, Ted Townsend, closed after losing funding, experiencing allegations of neglect, and a flood. Then, oh my godwho are we?, She never planned to study bonobos. He told me that the place was run by a brilliant but polarizing psychologist named Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, and he gave me her contact information. Kanzi the bonobo continues to impress. We present him with a task where we play him a sounda prerecorded bonobo vocalizationto see if hell label it with a lexigram, Taglialatela explained. Savage-Rumbaughs seven books and close to 170 articles about their cognitive abilities played a significant role in introducing them to the wider world. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Xylene Found in rubber, leather, tobacco smoke, and vehicle exhaust. This kindergarten is an example of why. (Some board members feared that her return in an active capacity would jeopardize several potential new research hires, including Taglialatela. My mother never understood why I did what I did with apes, she said. Still calm, Kanzi waved an arm at Savage-Rumbaugh, as if asking her to come closer, then let loose with a stream of squeaks and squeals. Then, in November 2015, came the decision in Savage-Rumbaughs case: Perhaps the bonobos would be happier and their behavior productively different with Dr. Savage-Rumbaugh and her direct contact, familial association with them than they are in the current environment in which staff and researchers do not assume a quasi-parental role, the judge wrote. Its a question you dont ask, Savage-Rumbaugh said. Originally based at Georgia State University's Language Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia, she worked at the Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary in . Equality is a birthright that belongs to everyone. And she was complicit. In an audacious paper in the Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, Savage-Rumbaugh published a withering critique of prevailing standards for the thousands of apes kept in zoos worldwide. A storm was gathering. A wave of queasiness came over me. Through a glass panel, Savage-Rumbaugh asks Kanzi if it's OK for me to enter his enclosure."The bonobos control who comes into their quarters,"she explains. When I arrived, Savage-Rumbaugh was already seated at a booth in the back corner, wearing a stained button-down shirt, purple pants and a safari hat. Privacy Statement The chimp began first pounding Juliet with his paws and when Sergey tried to . The class got pretty popular over time. Pointing to chase, then hide, and then to the name of a human being or bonobo, he would initiate those activities with his interlocutor in that order. Check out a human library, where you borrow people instead of books. No matter what singular topic these leaders focus on, the message remains the samegirls and women have a right to be equal everywhere. I obliged, of course, and Kanzi joined in with gusto. One day, Sue asked Kanzi if he remembered anything about Africa, and showed him a book of illustrations of African animals. "The policeman sitting there speaking with the graffiti writer. "We have argued that apes and humans, while very closely. Kanzi not only correctly matched spoken English words to their corresponding lexigramseven while placed in a separate room from the person speaking, hearing the words through headphonesbut he also appeared to grasp some basic grammar. Bonobos, already threatened by poachers and loggers, are suffocating in the fires. The atmosphere was unusually tense. We are special. Her research had punched holes in the wall separating humans from apes, he wrotea wall built upon the longstanding scientific consensus that language was humanitys unique and distinguishing gift. After the bonobo fled to his mother, Segerdahl writes, Panbanisha charged up to the glass where he was sitting, keyboard in hand, and held her finger over the symbol for monster. It was a bit like being struck by the mystery of your own life, Segerdahl told me in an email about the encounter. Known around the world for his communication skills, he turned 40 on Oct. 28, 2020. One study in 1986 showed that more than 80 percent of his multi-word statements were spontaneous, suggesting that he was not aping the gestures of humans but was using the symbols to express internal states of mind. Taglialatela handed me a laminated keyboard containing 133 lexigrams, including symbols for Kanzi, Sue, Jared, keyboard, and hurt. I pressed it up against the glass. , Girls and Women Still Aren't Equal Anywhere, Says UN Foundation , #EqualEverywhere | We won't stop until girls and women are equal , UN Foundation Launches Campaign to End Gender Discrimination , NASA says these 18 plants are the best at naturally filtering the air in your home, These stunning photos will remind you why trees are dope. There was a music room with drums and a keyboard, chalk for drawing, an indoor waterfall, and a sun-washed greenhouse stocked with bananas and sugar cane. He got a kid's haircare company, SoCozy, to sponsor the class. the dog bite the snake.' It is crucial that many were intended to be anomalous, 580. Im not skeptical that these bonobos are sentient. This may explain why Kanzi was able to develop flaking after observing humans, and the chimpanzees in the recent study were not. As the father of two young daughters, Doyin Richards has a lot of experience in that department. Waking up day after day to light slanting onto the bonobos, asleep in their nests of carpets, Savage-Rumbaugh faced an uncomfortable truth.
Purging Clams With Baking Soda, Who Is Kingster On Garage Squad, Cambridge, Mn Newspaper Obituaries, Articles K