Guo SS, Huang C, Maynard LM, Demerath E, Towne B, Chumlea WC, et al. Weight gain and obesity among university students is therefore a recognized health issue. Globally, obesity is affecting an increasing proportion of children. Finlayson G, Cecil J, Higgs S, Hill A, Hetherington M. Susceptibility to weight gain. Each participant gave informed consent on the first page of the web-survey. Yang, Yurou [cited 2012 Nov 29]. Obesity. 2022. Finally, fourth, the design itself was cross-sectional so causal conclusions cannot be drawn from the behaviour factors selected. Numbers of students excluded based on fulfilment of various eligibility criteria. University of Glasgow researchers looked at health surveys of nearly 200,000 adults. In contrast, other student-specific research has failed to detect an association between eating habits and age (or year of study), although most of these studies have not collected detailed dietary data [2, 4, 10, 26]. Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) students accounted for 25.1% of students living permanently in the UK. Dietary gradients were also evident in relation to geography in a comparative study of university students from seven universities across the UK, although absence of information on specific university location limits comparison [2]. This study utilized longitudinal data from the NYC Fitnessgram . Chen, Xiaomei 2006;106:20017. Yan, Wenjing The cut-offs for implausible energy intakes in the Nurses Health Study (<500 Kcal/day and>3500 Kcal/day) and Healthcare Professionals Follow-up Study (<800 Kcal/day or>4200 Kcal/day) were used to identify and exclude participants reporting implausible energy intakes the current study. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Associations with sociodemographic variables were assessed through general linear modelling. A review of drinking motives. Correlation coefficients 0.5 and0.5 were considered strong. The lack of association between university attended and consumption of the convenience, red meat & alcohol diet also deserves attention. and M. A.-I. Key messages Of the different sedentary behaviour types, TV viewing is most consistently related with higher body mass index (BMI) and large waist circumference in both sexes. CAS et al. The authors responsibilities were as follows: EFS, JMR & MEB conceived and designed the study. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society. and A high prevalence of overweight and obesity was noted among the study sample, particularly male students. Int J Obes. In the academic year This includes 44.3% of students studying for their first undergraduate degree. Nishida, Makoto Article Terms and Conditions, Physical activity can protect against weight gain, but globally, people just aren't doing enough of it. The provision of consent enabled access to the full survey. This email provided study details and emphasised that students did not have to be eating a healthy diet to participate. Just less than one quarter of students spent less than 20 on food each week; a weekly food budget of 2029 was most common. Lead a dynamic research team in the activity of national food consumption surveys in Ireland including the impact of dietary intake on population health. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Existing studies allude to non-prudent consumption patterns, reporting low consumption of fruit and vegetables alongside high intakes of confectionery, alcohol, and fried, ready-made and convenience foods [2,3,4]. 2012;58:10918 Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22407132. This scholarship at Bayes is being offered in recognition and honour of Iain Allan, now an independent consultant and an actuary who . Fayet F, Petocz P, Samman S. Prevalence and correlates of dieting in college women: a cross sectional study. The convenience, red meat & alcohol pattern shares features (positive factor loadings for red meat, chips, alcohol) with a major dietary pattern (labelled drinker/social) reported among approximately 480 2025year olds in Northern Ireland, derived from 7-day diet history data [24]. 2005;25:84161. Dietary patterns of university students in the UK: a cross-sectional study, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-018-0398-y, http://www.hindawi.com/journals/apm/2015/639239/, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20054220, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16022763, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22407132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.04.005, http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/clustering-unhealthy-behaviours-over-time, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2223737, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001025, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9573452, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.05.006, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. In 201920, mature students (aged 21 and over) accounted for 57.5% of the student population at UUK member institutions. Methods: A cross-sectional . 4 Overweight and obesity have been proven to . The text that follows summarises the key findings. Kings Fund. What is overweight and obesity? Gua Elika (Quantitative Study of the Consumption of Food in the Basque Country. A University of Gothenburg study found that being overweight in childhood and early adulthood are distinct risk factors for blood clots later in life. Dietary patterns in UK adolescents obtained from a dual-source FFQ and their associations with socio-economic position, nutrient intake and modes of eating. Variables were categorised into two groups for entry into a GLM: 1) demographic variables: gender, age, leisure-time physical activity, BMI, smoking, ethnicity, year of study, term-time accommodation, university attended, and full-time/part-time status 2) cooking- and eating-related variables: cooking ability, animal food consumption, frequency of consumption of meals prepared using raw ingredients, frequency of consumption of meals using pre-prepared foods, frequency of consumption of ready-meals and take-aways, frequency of consumption of meals from university cafeteria, frequency of skipping breakfast, frequency of skipping lunch, and amount spent on food. These recruitment differences may have biased the sample towards health-motivated students at KCL, St Andrews and Southampton. ESG & Sustainability professional, IFRS/SASB FSA credential holder, and graduate student at Columbia University's Climate School with 5+ years of professional experience in advisory/consulting . The snacking pattern was strongly positively correlated with energy-adjusted non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) (r=0.524; P<0.01). 001). Ethical approval was obtained from each participating university. Attendance at Ulster University (p<0.001) was independently associated with lower scores. Table S1. The survey comprised a validated food frequency questionnaire alongside lifestyle and sociodemographic questions. The wider literature consistently reports a positive association between socioeconomic status and diet quality across UK population groups [21, 23, 28]. The department, functioning under the Ministry of Science and Technology, had offered the Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE) scholarship to the student in January 2017. To generate dietary patterns, the 55 food/food group intake variables were entered into a principal component analysis (PCA) and a varimax (orthogonal) rotation was performed. Google Scholar. 2009;109:186977. Feedback from the pilot study led to three further items being incorporated into the questionnaire (consumption of hummus; tofu; water). Male students tended towards a diet founded on convenience food, red meat and alcohol; this pattern was germane to all participating universities. Obesity during pregnancy has short term and long term adverse consequences for both mother and child. Obesity is now a bigger cause of deaths in Scotland and England than smoking, according to a new study. Students in Northern Ireland appeared to favour less healthful dietary patterns than those in Great Britain. It has identified a number of antecedents of both healthful and unhealthful dietary practices. Many studies paid attention to the worldwide decline in physical activity (PA) and increase the sedentary and obesity. A new report by the World Obesity Federation (WOF) has said more than half of the world's population will be obese or overweight by 2035 if significant action isn't taken. Generally, students at Ulster University favoured less healthful patterns, whilst those at the Universities of Southampton, St Andrews and KCL tended towards more healthful diets. J Am Diet Assoc. Buck D, Frosini F. Clustering of unhealthy behaviours over time - Implications for policy and practice. Lake AA, Adamson AJ, Craigie AM, Rugg-Gunn AJ, Mathers JC. Anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics, Alcohol consumption among university students in Ireland and the United Kingdom from 2002 to 2014: a systematic review, Systematic estimation of BMI. Yang, Wah The majority of respondents were from the University of Sheffield (n=567; 39.2%), Ulster University in Northern Ireland (n=443; 30.6%) and KCL (n=305; 21.1%). There are also indications of high intakes of confectionery and fast foods, and low consumption of fruit and vegetables [3, 4]. Four patterns emerged, with evidence of more healthful dietary practices amongst female and older students, and those with greater self-reported cooking ability. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Sprake, E.F., Russell, J.M., Cecil, J.E. Food intake varied amongst university students. The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. It combines a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of their. Eur J Clin Nutr. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as an "abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health," further clarifying that "the fundamental cause of obesity and overweight is an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended" [ 1, 2 ]. Results Two-hundred sixty-eight articles were included comprising . Study abroad. There was a weak negative correlation between the vegetarian pattern and energy intake (r=0.096; p<0.01), but a weak positive correlation between the health-conscious pattern and energy intake (r=0.271; P<0.01). British Government. Siguen patrones de dieta mediterrnea los universitarios espaoles? All British and European Union students less than 30years of age at the five participating universities represented eligible participants. By the time they are aged 10 or 11, more than a quarter are obese,. In according with the results will see how . In the United States, 36% of adults and 17% of youth meet the criteria for obesity (Ogden, et al. The sex-specific differences in risk factors of excess adiposity have important implications for interventions for primary prevention of obesity within this environment. The convenience, red meat & alcohol pattern was associated with higher weekly food spending; this pattern was also identified most consistently across universities. Maternal education data for Ulster, KCL, St Andrews & Southampton corroborated these differences (data for University of Sheffield not available). Youngest age group (p=0.015) and attendance at University of Sheffield were independently associated with lower scores (p<0.001). Our aim was to study which types of sedentary behaviours are associated with obesity in adults after controlling for a wide range of potential confounders. JC & LKP facilitated recruitment of students from the University of St Andrews and Ulster University, respectively. Among reception-aged children, those aged four and five, the rates of obesity rose from 9.9% in 2019-20 to 14.4% in 2020-21. In Model 1 (demographic variables only) female gender (p<0.001), middle age group (p=0.020), moderate leisure-time activity levels (p=0.045) and ex-smoker status (p=0.025) were independently associated with higher scores on the vegetarian dietary pattern. 2009;2:15765 Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20054220. Background Many studies have examined childhood and adolescent obesity, but few have examined young adults and the effect of their home and current living environments on prevalence rates. Sakaguchi, Yusuke Behav. Adult obesity rates are highest in the United States, Mexico, New Zealand, and Hungry and lowest in Japan and Korea (OECD, 2017). No association, however, was identified between cooking ability and scores on the less healthful dietary patterns (snacking; convenience, red meat & alcohol). 2008;88:145. By using this website, you agree to our If they are overweight or obese, they will carry the wrong impression to the general population. . 1998;30:18598 Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9573452. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-018-0398-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-018-0398-y. 2013;17:147685. Multi-comparison post-hoc tests with Sidak correction were carried out to aid interpretation of significant factors in the GLM. Importantly, policy makers must recognise not all students consume poor diets at university: a large group of students consumed nutritionally favourable and health-promoting diets and do not appear in need of dietary intervention. Frequencies of consumption in the questionnaire were expressed as follows: every day=7/week, through to once per week=1/week; once every 23weeks (F)=0.5/week; rarely/never (R)=0. Nakanishi, Kaori Por lo tanto, la puntuacin mxima para el ICD fue de 50 puntos. The health-conscious pattern was the most nutrient dense, with significant, positive, strong correlations (0.5r<0.7; p<0.01) for energy-adjusted intakes of selenium, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and biotin. Papadaki A, Hondros G, Scott J, Kapsokefalou M. Eating habits of university students living at, or away from home in Greece. - UK-domiciled students by age contributed to the conception and design of the research, acquired and analysed the data, interpreted the results and finally drafted the manuscript. Compliance with dietary recommendations by sex in the population under study: students of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), EHU12/24 study(Mean values and standard deviations, percentages), Table 3. The author contributions are as follows: N. T.-A. . 2007;10:20311. In addition, the set of protocolised measurements used in this study generated a large amount of data regarding behavioural determinants of overweight/obesity and interrelationships among them, in a community of university students. Dodd LJ, Al-Nakeeb Y, Nevill A, Forshaw MJ. Has data issue: true 368-369) based on the BMI. Imperial-MIT student exchange. Syka, Dimitra Although a recent British student study observed no gender differences between eating patterns [4], this study lacked detailed dietary assessment. Moreover, well documented studies have identiied the need to . Zhang, Ting Appetite. The . These 55 foods/food groups are detailed in Additionalfile1: Table S1. Health promoting behaviours and lifestyle characteristics of students at seven universities in the UK. 2000;24:162835. Uni-versity students. One important aspect relates to diet and there is emerging evidence that university students may consume poor quality diets, with potential implications for body weight and long-term health. This research aimed to characterise dietary patterns of university students in the UK and their sociodemographic and lifestyle antecedents. Student Organizations; MCLub Calendar; A&S; Give to MCLLC. Food and nutrient intakes were generated directly from these FFQ data using the nutritional analysis software QBuilder (Tinuviel Software, Warrington, UK). Table2 shows the factor loadings of each of the food groups in the four dietary components retained. 2009;67:8394. 2 These children are at greater risk of developing related functional, metabolic, and psychological conditions; experiencing pervasive weight bias and stigma; and having greater healthcare costs. Such weight gain may have long-term repercussions, since overweight during young adulthood has been identified as a significant predictor of obesity later in life [11]. Attendance at Ulster University was independently associated with lower vegetarian pattern scores (p<0.001). Alcohol intake (energy-adjusted) was negatively correlated with scores on the snacking pattern (r=0.317; P<0.01). Gendered food preferences were also evident, especially in relation to meat consumption. Tinuviel Software Ltd. DIETQ Validation. Several studies suggest that prevention of obesity in the young population is crucial. Introduction. Feature Flags: { The authors declare that they have no competing interest. In future research, a cohort of students will be followed to assess what effect the university environment has on their health behaviours. It should be noted that these models are developmental and clearly only cover some of the potential antecedents of following such patterns. Pearsons correlation coefficients between dietary pattern scores and energy intake were calculated. University student food attitudes and behaviour survey. "useRatesEcommerce": false Dietary preferences also varied between participating universities. Infrequent consumption of meals prepared from raw ingredients (p<0.001), and frequent consumption of pre-prepared foods (p<0.001) and ready meals/take-aways (p<0.001) were also independently associated with high snacking pattern scores. In Model 1, low leisure-time physical activity (p<0.001), attendance at Ulster University (p=0.003), full time student status (p=0.001) and living with parents/other relatives (p<0.001) were independently associated with higher snacking pattern scores. Replication of this research among a large representative sample of UK university students would be pertinent. The number of components retained was determined by the scree plot, parallel analysis and component interpretability [20]. This approach also allows greater insight into the different patterns of food consumption that naturally occur within a population and facilitates identification of sub-groups who may be most in need of health promotion efforts. It is of note that a vegetarian diet was the predominant pattern identified in the current study, and indeed 10% of students described themselves as vegetarian. Finally, 45% of the current sample reported limited (or non-existent) cooking ability, being at best only able to cook a limited range of meals from raw ingredients. Article Render date: 2023-03-05T02:12:19.807Z Between the NAP5 (2013) and NAP7 (2021) surveys and excluding those patients who were pregnant, the estimated median age of patients increased by 2.3 years (50.5 to 52.8 years). This manuscript represents original work, which has not been published previously and is not being considered by another Journal. Hung Nguyen-Ngoc is a Vietnamese dedicated and qualified nutrition specialist/dietitian and obesity specialist. The third component had high positive factor loadings for fatty fish and canned tuna, white- and shellfish, nuts, eggs, fresh fruit, other green vegetables and salad items, oat- and bran-based breakfast cereals, herbal and green tea, and low fat/low calorie yogurts. These conditions include: metabolic syndrome type 2 diabetes high. Information on dieting/weight loss behaviour, supplement use, cooking ability (four response options from able to cook wide range of meals from raw ingredients through to unable to cook at all), smoking status (students were asked to self-identify as a never smoker, ex-smoker, social smoker or regular smoker), self-reported physical activity levels (students were required to self-identify as not very active, moderately active or very active), body weight (kg) and height (m) (for calculation of body mass index (BMI), kg/m2), cooking behaviours (consumption of: meals made from raw ingredients; pre-prepared foods; ready meals and take-aways; and meals from university cafeteria) and weekly food expenditure () was also collected. International Research Opportunities Programme. With respect to other lifestyles such as PA, probably cultural practices and childhood habits can be associated with a higher PA level in men than women(Reference Trost, Pate and Sallis86). Results from Years 14 (combined) of the Rolling Programme (2008/20092011/12). London, February 28. Woodruff SJ, Hanning RM, Lambraki I, Storey KE, McCargar L. Healthy eating index-C is compromised among adolescents with body weight concerns, weight loss dieting, and meal skipping. Dedes, Vassilis Eating behaviours and other eating-related characteristics of the Phase 1 sample. Factors related to diet and lifestyles associated with an increased risk of excess body fat (BF) in the population under study: students of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), EHU12/24 study(Odds ratio and 95 % confidence intervals). The present study explores contextual factors affecting overweight and obesity among university students in China and, in particular, focuses on how the SES-obesity relationship varies across different . Undergraduate Research Opportunities Programme. Appetite. A substantial proportion of students followed health-promoting diets, which had good nutrient profiles obviating a need for dietary intervention. Using multivariate statistical techniques to identify dietary patterns through intake of multiple interrelated food groups captures the complexity and multidimensional nature of diet, which is representative of real life food consumption [17]. Pearsons product moment correlation coefficients were calculated between pattern scores and absolute nutrient intakes. California Privacy Statement, This work was supported by grants from the UPV/EHU (EHU12/24), the Vice Rector for Innovation, Social Outreach and Cultural Activities of the UPV/EHU, funding by the contract-programme formalised with the Basque Government (code of the Campus Bizia Lab project: 17ARRO, 18ARRO and 19ARRO), the Vice Rector for Students and Employability of the UPV/EHU and Basque Government (2016); and a pre-doctoral scholarship from the Basque Language Vice-chancellor of the UPV/EHU. Genes also may contribute to a person's susceptibility to weight gain. 2010. Nikolaou CK, Hankey CR, Lean MEJ. This study was conducted as part of EFSs PhD project. Adele, Ed Sheeran 'too . Diao, Xingling However, little research has examined the magnitude of this relationship in youth with severe obesity. university students when they start their university education (Ozbahar Acar, 2015). Owing to these significant associations, energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were used to explore relationships with dietary patterns scores. The findings of the study should be considered within the context of its limitations. J Am Diet Assoc. Four principal components were retained, which explained 21.7% of the total variance in food intake. Finally, the public health impact of dietary patterns and other lifestyle risk factors established during university become most important if these behaviours track forward into working adult life and represent a blueprint for long-term dietary preferences. Body Image. This study has been conducted with University students in Turkey. [cited 2018 Aug 29]. This dietary pattern was labelled health-conscious, because it was characterised by foods typically associated with improved health, and was congruent with dietary components labelled health-conscious or prudent in other dietary pattern studies [21]. Socio-demographic and lifestyle data were also collected. This means schools have a rich opportunity to improve youth health and tackle obesity at the ideal point in time-before problems take hold. Brunner TA, van der Horst K, Siegrist M. Convenience food products. Am J Clin Nutr. Half the women born in 1946 were overweight by age 48, compared to 41 for the 1970 generation. Universities in particular may represent a setting in which dietary behaviours are open to change and large groups of young adults can be reached, representing an appropriate target for health promotion efforts. Elika Guide, DIAL software for assessing diets and food calculations (for Windows, version 2.12), Department of Nutrition (UCM) & Alce Ingeniera, MedDietScore: a computer program that evaluates the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and its relation to cardiovascular disease risk, Adherence to Mediterranean diet in a Spanish university population, Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Well-being, Alcohol consumption and obesity: an update, Smoking, obesity, and their co-occurrence in the United States: cross sectional analysis, Relationship between smoking and obesity among women, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Body composition and physical activity in Italian university students, Relationship between attitudes toward healthy eating and dietary behaviour, lifestyle and demographic factors in a representative sample of Irish adults, 40-year trends in meal and snack eating behaviours of American adults, Dietary patterns, their covariates, and associations with severity of depressive symptons among university students in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study, Fiber patterns in young adults living in different environments (USA, Spain, Tunisia). EFS was primarily responsible for data collection and analysis, with advice from JMR. Although there is some evidence that dietary behaviours track from adolescence to adulthood [5, 6], the transition from home to university life has been associated with unfavourable changes to food intake: increases in alcohol and sugar intake, and decreases in fruit and vegetable consumption have been reported [7]. Available from: http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/clustering-unhealthy-behaviours-over-time. Central London location. } in UK university students. either in the overweight or obese category. It had high negative factor loadings for poultry, processed meat, and red meat and offal. Examination of scatter plots revealed no evidence of non-linear relationships between component scores and nutrient intakes. Lower scores were independently associated with living alone (p=0.026) and spending less money on food (p<0.001). Lincoln University in Pennsylvania told its students that those who were classified as obese after a mandatory body mass index check had to take a class to teach them healthy living, and that. This component was labelled snacking, because it was mainly characterised by snack-type foods that generally did not represent components of main meals, require no preparation and offered many options for mobile consumption. Tracking of dietary intake and factors associated with dietary change from early adolescence to adulthood: the ASH30 study. Students practiced unhealthy dietary practices and lifestyle behaviors that should be targeted and modified. Table S2. Third, the study was based on a large survey that included a face-to-face interview and anthropometric measurements; thus, the considerable length of each assessment may have influenced answers and response rate. . Convenience, red meat, alcohol and vegetarian dietary choices are likely to be influenced by a raft of social, cultural and political factors, which have not been included in the model. Correspondence to Crombie AP, Ilich JZ, Dutton GR, Panton LB, Abood DA.